Periosteal expansion osteogenesis using a tubular dynamic frame device: An experimental study in rats

Periosteal expansion osteogenesis (PEO) is a technique for augmenting bone by creating a gradual separation between the bone and periosteum. This study assessed PEO-induced bone formation around the femurs of rats using a dynamic frame device (DFD), consisting of a shape memory membrane made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) formed into a tubular shape. The DFDs, consisting of a PET membrane coated with hydroxyapatite (HA)/gelatin on the bone-contact surface, were inserted between the periosteum and bone of the femurs of rats. In the experimental group, DFDs were suture-fixed to the femur with 4–0 Vicryl Rapid; in the control group, 4–0 silk thread was used for fixation. Five rats per group were euthanized at intervals of 3, 5, and 8 weeks postoperatively. Bone formation was evaluated via micro-CT imaging, histomorphometry, and histological analysis. Morphological analysis revealed new bone between the femur and the periosteum, expanded by the DFD, in all groups. The mean values of new bone were 0.30 mm² proximally, 0.18 mm² centrally, and 0.82 mm² distally in the control group, compared to 1.05 mm² proximally, 0.27 mm² centrally, and 0.84 mm² distally in the experimental group. A significant difference in new bone was observed in the proximal region of the experimental group. Histological examination showed that a single layer of newly formed neoplastic bone was noted on the cortical bone surface across all sites. The proximal portion displayed a bone marrow cavity at the center, encircled by a thick bone cortex with a layered structure. New bone formation was notable between existing cortical bone and the periosteum, particularly at both ends of the DFD. The use of PET in PEO was a viable option for achieving ideal bone morphology.