气候变化背景下树木对环境压力的表观遗传反应。

IF 11 1区 生物学 Q1 BIOLOGY Biological Reviews Pub Date : 2024-08-27 DOI:10.1111/brv.13132
Matin Miryeganeh, David W Armitage
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在寿命较长的树木种群中,当环境变化速度超过进化适应速度时,与抗逆性、休眠和扩散相关的性状的可塑性可能对防止灭绝至关重要。虽然种群的遗传背景在一定程度上决定了其适应不断变化的环境的能力,但在种群内部和种群之间发生的多种表观遗传修饰也同样决定了其适应能力。因此,表观遗传修饰驱动的表型可塑性对于树木等无梗、长寿生物来说可能尤为重要,因为它们必须依靠这种可塑性才能跟上人为环境快速变化的步伐。虽然有研究报告称 DNA 甲基化、组蛋白修饰和非编码 RNA 对耐压基因的表达和由此产生的表型反应有很大影响,但人们对这些影响在非模式植物尤其是树木中的作用知之甚少。在此,我们回顾了植物表观遗传学的新发现,这些发现与树木适应或摆脱与快速气候变化相关的胁迫的能力特别相关。这些发现包括表观遗传学对干旱、高温和盐度耐受性以及休眠和扩散特性的特定影响。我们还重点介绍了有关植物表观遗传 "胁迫记忆 "代代相传的令人鼓舞的发现。由于表观遗传信息越来越容易获得,我们最后概述了生态学家如何更好地利用表观遗传信息为种群管理和预测工作提供信息。了解树种表型可塑性和应激记忆背后的分子机制为从机制上理解树木对气候变化的反应提供了一条充满希望的道路。
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Epigenetic responses of trees to environmental stress in the context of climate change.

In long-lived tree populations, when environmental change outpaces rates of evolutionary adaptation, plasticity in traits related to stress tolerance, dormancy, and dispersal may be vital for preventing extinction. While a population's genetic background partly determines its ability to adapt to a changing environment, so too do the many types of epigenetic modifications that occur within and among populations, which vary on timescales orders of magnitude faster than the emergence of new beneficial alleles. Consequently, phenotypic plasticity driven by epigenetic modification may be especially critical for sessile, long-lived organisms such as trees that must rely on this plasticity to keep pace with rapid anthropogenic environmental change. While studies have reported large effects of DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs on the expression of stress-tolerance genes and resulting phenotypic responses, little is known about the role of these effects in non-model plants and particularly in trees. Here, we review new findings in plant epigenetics with particular relevance to the ability of trees to adapt to or escape stressors associated with rapid climate change. Such findings include specific epigenetic influences over drought, heat, and salinity tolerance, as well as dormancy and dispersal traits. We also highlight promising findings concerning transgenerational inheritance of an epigenetic 'stress memory' in plants. As epigenetic information is becoming increasingly easy to obtain, we close by outlining ways in which ecologists can use epigenetic information better to inform population management and forecasting efforts. Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind phenotypic plasticity and stress memory in tree species offers a promising path towards a mechanistic understanding of trees' responses to climate change.

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来源期刊
Biological Reviews
Biological Reviews 生物-生物学
CiteScore
21.30
自引率
2.00%
发文量
99
审稿时长
6-12 weeks
期刊介绍: Biological Reviews is a scientific journal that covers a wide range of topics in the biological sciences. It publishes several review articles per issue, which are aimed at both non-specialist biologists and researchers in the field. The articles are scholarly and include extensive bibliographies. Authors are instructed to be aware of the diverse readership and write their articles accordingly. The reviews in Biological Reviews serve as comprehensive introductions to specific fields, presenting the current state of the art and highlighting gaps in knowledge. Each article can be up to 20,000 words long and includes an abstract, a thorough introduction, and a statement of conclusions. The journal focuses on publishing synthetic reviews, which are based on existing literature and address important biological questions. These reviews are interesting to a broad readership and are timely, often related to fast-moving fields or new discoveries. A key aspect of a synthetic review is that it goes beyond simply compiling information and instead analyzes the collected data to create a new theoretical or conceptual framework that can significantly impact the field. Biological Reviews is abstracted and indexed in various databases, including Abstracts on Hygiene & Communicable Diseases, Academic Search, AgBiotech News & Information, AgBiotechNet, AGRICOLA Database, GeoRef, Global Health, SCOPUS, Weed Abstracts, and Reaction Citation Index, among others.
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