{"title":"derum(胡桃树皮)提取物对口腔粘膜的影响:基于兔模型上皮不典型性的体内研究","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.07.015","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>Derum, the bark of walnut tree (<em>Juglans regia</em>) has been used as a traditional tooth cleanser and chewed for its ability to bestow purple color to oral mucosa, tongue and lips Studies have shown that derum extract could affect oral epithelium after long term exposure, causing dysplasia. The aim of this in-vivo study was to evaluate the degree of epithelial dysplasia caused by varying durations and frequencies of topical derum application on oral mucosa of rabbits.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p>Following ethical approval, derum extract was applied to the buccal vestibule of New Zealand white rabbits over three different periods (60 days, 120 days, 180 days) and two different protocols were used (daily application and once every 3 days). Accordingly, the animals were divided into four groups (A – daily derum application/B – derum applied once in 3 days/C – Positive control and acetone applied every alternate day/D – negative control), and three batches (I – 60 days/II – 120 days/III – 180 days). The animals were sacrificed, and oral biopsies prepared and examined under light microscope. The magnitude of epithelial changes was evaluated using epithelial atypia index (EAI) based on Smith and Pindborg histological grading system (1969) for epithelial dysplasia.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Mild dysplastic changes were detected in animals treated with derum extract regardless of the period of application. Similar results were noted among positive control group, and highest score was recorded in group A followed by group B with high tendency towards long-term derum application. Moderate changes were encountered only in group A that received derum for 180 days. Statistically, long-term derum application (180 days / Batch III in groups A and B), irrespective of the frequency of application, resulted in significantly higher mean EAI scores than all other groups or batches.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Based on this study, prolonged and frequent use of derum can induce dysplastic changes in rabbit oral mucosa, ranging from mild to moderate dysplasia. Further studies with extended times of exposure of derum to oral mucosa are recommended to document these adverse effects as an evidence base.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":47246,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Dental Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1013905224002141/pdfft?md5=cc809f207e4473442e35adbdbdd544af&pid=1-s2.0-S1013905224002141-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The effect of derum (bark of Juglans regia tree) extract on oral mucosa: An in vivo study based on epithelial atypia in rabbit model\",\"authors\":\"\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.sdentj.2024.07.015\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>Derum, the bark of walnut tree (<em>Juglans regia</em>) has been used as a traditional tooth cleanser and chewed for its ability to bestow purple color to oral mucosa, tongue and lips Studies have shown that derum extract could affect oral epithelium after long term exposure, causing dysplasia. The aim of this in-vivo study was to evaluate the degree of epithelial dysplasia caused by varying durations and frequencies of topical derum application on oral mucosa of rabbits.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><p>Following ethical approval, derum extract was applied to the buccal vestibule of New Zealand white rabbits over three different periods (60 days, 120 days, 180 days) and two different protocols were used (daily application and once every 3 days). Accordingly, the animals were divided into four groups (A – daily derum application/B – derum applied once in 3 days/C – Positive control and acetone applied every alternate day/D – negative control), and three batches (I – 60 days/II – 120 days/III – 180 days). The animals were sacrificed, and oral biopsies prepared and examined under light microscope. The magnitude of epithelial changes was evaluated using epithelial atypia index (EAI) based on Smith and Pindborg histological grading system (1969) for epithelial dysplasia.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Mild dysplastic changes were detected in animals treated with derum extract regardless of the period of application. Similar results were noted among positive control group, and highest score was recorded in group A followed by group B with high tendency towards long-term derum application. Moderate changes were encountered only in group A that received derum for 180 days. Statistically, long-term derum application (180 days / Batch III in groups A and B), irrespective of the frequency of application, resulted in significantly higher mean EAI scores than all other groups or batches.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Based on this study, prolonged and frequent use of derum can induce dysplastic changes in rabbit oral mucosa, ranging from mild to moderate dysplasia. Further studies with extended times of exposure of derum to oral mucosa are recommended to document these adverse effects as an evidence base.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":47246,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Saudi Dental Journal\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.7000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-08-03\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1013905224002141/pdfft?md5=cc809f207e4473442e35adbdbdd544af&pid=1-s2.0-S1013905224002141-main.pdf\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Saudi Dental Journal\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1013905224002141\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Saudi Dental Journal","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1013905224002141","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE","Score":null,"Total":0}
The effect of derum (bark of Juglans regia tree) extract on oral mucosa: An in vivo study based on epithelial atypia in rabbit model
Background and objectives
Derum, the bark of walnut tree (Juglans regia) has been used as a traditional tooth cleanser and chewed for its ability to bestow purple color to oral mucosa, tongue and lips Studies have shown that derum extract could affect oral epithelium after long term exposure, causing dysplasia. The aim of this in-vivo study was to evaluate the degree of epithelial dysplasia caused by varying durations and frequencies of topical derum application on oral mucosa of rabbits.
Materials and Methods
Following ethical approval, derum extract was applied to the buccal vestibule of New Zealand white rabbits over three different periods (60 days, 120 days, 180 days) and two different protocols were used (daily application and once every 3 days). Accordingly, the animals were divided into four groups (A – daily derum application/B – derum applied once in 3 days/C – Positive control and acetone applied every alternate day/D – negative control), and three batches (I – 60 days/II – 120 days/III – 180 days). The animals were sacrificed, and oral biopsies prepared and examined under light microscope. The magnitude of epithelial changes was evaluated using epithelial atypia index (EAI) based on Smith and Pindborg histological grading system (1969) for epithelial dysplasia.
Results
Mild dysplastic changes were detected in animals treated with derum extract regardless of the period of application. Similar results were noted among positive control group, and highest score was recorded in group A followed by group B with high tendency towards long-term derum application. Moderate changes were encountered only in group A that received derum for 180 days. Statistically, long-term derum application (180 days / Batch III in groups A and B), irrespective of the frequency of application, resulted in significantly higher mean EAI scores than all other groups or batches.
Conclusion
Based on this study, prolonged and frequent use of derum can induce dysplastic changes in rabbit oral mucosa, ranging from mild to moderate dysplasia. Further studies with extended times of exposure of derum to oral mucosa are recommended to document these adverse effects as an evidence base.
期刊介绍:
Saudi Dental Journal is an English language, peer-reviewed scholarly publication in the area of dentistry. Saudi Dental Journal publishes original research and reviews on, but not limited to: • dental disease • clinical trials • dental equipment • new and experimental techniques • epidemiology and oral health • restorative dentistry • periodontology • endodontology • prosthodontics • paediatric dentistry • orthodontics and dental education Saudi Dental Journal is the official publication of the Saudi Dental Society and is published by King Saud University in collaboration with Elsevier and is edited by an international group of eminent researchers.