深耕下的秸秆还田可提高稻麦轮作系统的粮食产量

IF 5.6 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Field Crops Research Pub Date : 2024-08-31 DOI:10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109559
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景旋耕下秸秆还田在中国长江下游地区稻麦轮作体系中应用了二十年,但近年来容易造成小麦出苗率和产量的降低,需要替代耕作方法来确保小麦的高产。我们假设深耕下的秸秆还田可以通过减少稻茬和秸秆覆盖来增加小麦苗数,并扩大犁地土壤剖面的养分库和根系,以保持小麦的花后活力,从而提高小麦产量。方法连续两年进行了田间研究,包括四个处理:去除秸秆后旋耕(RT);秸秆还田后旋耕(RTS);秸秆覆盖后浅旋耕(STS)和秸秆还田后深耕(DTS)。结果与 RT 相比,RTS 和 STS 的苗数分别减少了 8.3 % 和 13.4 %,而 DTS 增加了 14.7 %。RTS和STS下的小麦产量分别减少了3.0%和7.3%,而DTS则增加了8.2%。每株有效分蘖数和粒重的增加部分抵消了 RTS 和 STS 导致的苗数减少。因此,不同处理间小麦产量的差异小于苗数的差异。在 DTS 处理下,小麦地上部氮和磷的积累高于其他处理。在四个处理中,DTS 的根系分布最广,土壤中层和深层的氮和磷含量最高,因此延长了籽粒灌浆期。小麦成熟期的养分吸收率和产量与中层和深层土壤的根重密度和根长密度显著相关。因此,这是一种适合稻麦轮作系统的有效替代耕作方法。
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Straw return under deep tillage increases grain yield in the rice-rotated wheat cropping system

Context

Straw return under rotary tillage has been used for two decades in the rice-rotated wheat cropping system in the lower Yangtze region of China, but it has become prone to reduce wheat emergence and yield in recent years, and alternative tillage methods are required to ensure the high wheat yields.

Aims

To determine whether straw return under deep tillage can improve wheat yield and under what mechanisms. We hypothesize that straw return under deep tillage can increase wheat seedling number by reducing rice stubble and straw coverage, and expand the nutrient pool and root system of the plow soil profile to keep post-anthesis viability for increasing wheat yield.

Methods

A field study was conducted during two consecutive years and included four treatments: rotary tillage after straw removal (RT); rotary tillage after straw return (RTS); shallow rotary tillage followed by straw mulch (STS) and deep tillage after straw return (DTS). Wheat seedling number, yield, aboveground nutrient uptake, growth period, root characteristics, and soil nutrients were measured.

Results

Compared to RT, seedling number under RTS and STS decreased by 8.3 % and 13.4 %, respectively, while DTS increased by 14.7 %. Wheat yield under RTS and STS decreased by 3.0 % and 7.3 %, respectively, while DTS increased by 8.2 %. The reduction in seedling number under RTS and STS would be partially offset in wheat yield by an increase in effective tiller number per plant and grain weight. Consequently, the variation in wheat yield among treatments was less than the variation in seedling number. Aboveground N and P accumulation in wheat under DTS were higher than the other treatments. Among four treatments, DTS had the highest root distribution and soil N and P contents in the middle and deep soil layers, thus prolonged grain filling duration. Wheat nutrient uptake at maturity and yield were significantly correlated with root weight density and root length density in both middle and deep soil layers.

Conclusions

Straw return under deep tillage can increase nutrient supply capacity and root distribution in deep soil while ensuring wheat emergence, enabling better filling of post-anthesis wheat and yield. It is therefore an effective alternative tillage method suitable for the rice-rotated wheat cropping system.

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来源期刊
Field Crops Research
Field Crops Research 农林科学-农艺学
CiteScore
9.60
自引率
12.10%
发文量
307
审稿时长
46 days
期刊介绍: Field Crops Research is an international journal publishing scientific articles on: √ experimental and modelling research at field, farm and landscape levels on temperate and tropical crops and cropping systems, with a focus on crop ecology and physiology, agronomy, and plant genetics and breeding.
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