后生物对宿主新陈代谢和免疫的影响为代谢性疾病的治疗提供了潜力。

IF 22 1区 医学 Q1 ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM Endocrine reviews Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI:10.1210/endrev/bnae025
Han Fang, Rodrigo Rodrigues E-Lacerda, Nicole G Barra, Dana Kukje Zada, Nazli Robin, Alina Mehra, Jonathan D Schertzer
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引用次数: 0

摘要

肠道微生物群会影响代谢疾病的各个方面,包括组织炎症、脂肪、血糖、胰岛素和代谢的内分泌控制。人们通常寻求益生元或益生菌来防治代谢性疾病。然而,益生元缺乏特异性,可能会对细菌群落产生有害影响。益生菌需要活细菌找到足以影响宿主免疫或新陈代谢的定植位点。后益生菌包括细菌衍生的成分和分子,它们能够很好地改变宿主的免疫代谢,而不依赖于定植效率或对现有微生物群造成广泛影响。在此,我们总结了与代谢性疾病相关的特定益生菌后的潜在有益和有害影响,以及其潜在的作用机制。细菌细胞壁成分(如脂多糖、微肽、脂亮酸和鞭毛蛋白)通过调动特定的免疫反应对宿主的新陈代谢产生环境依赖性影响。在脂多糖、微肽等大类化合物中,特定类型的益生元可对宿主代谢的内分泌控制产生相反的影响,其中某些益生元是胰岛素增敏剂,而其他益生元则会促进胰岛素抵抗。短链脂肪酸、胆汁酸、乳酸、甘油、琥珀酸、乙醇胺和乙醇等细菌代谢产物可以成为宿主代谢的底物。益生菌后可直接促进宿主的新陈代谢途径,或通过免疫调节或模拟宿主衍生的激素影响内分泌对新陈代谢的控制。在代谢性炎症和代谢性疾病期间,应考虑后生菌在宿主-微生物关系中的相互作用。
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Postbiotic impact on host metabolism and immunity provides therapeutic potential in metabolic disease.

The gut microbiota influences aspects of metabolic disease, including tissue inflammation, adiposity, blood glucose, insulin, and endocrine control of metabolism. Prebiotics or probiotics are often sought to combat metabolic disease. However, prebiotics lack specificity and can have deleterious bacterial community effects. Probiotics require live bacteria to find a colonization niche sufficient to influence host immunity or metabolism. Postbiotics encompass bacterial-derived components and molecules, which are well-positioned to alter host immunometabolism without relying on colonization efficiency or causing widespread effects on the existing microbiota. Here, we summarize the potential for beneficial and detrimental effects of specific postbiotics related to metabolic disease and the underlying mechanisms of action. Bacterial cell wall components such as lipopolysaccharides, muropeptides, lipoteichoic acids and flagellin have context-dependent effects on host metabolism by engaging specific immune responses. Specific types of postbiotics within broad classes of compounds such as lipopolysaccharides, muropeptides can have opposing effects on endocrine control of host metabolism where certain postbiotics are insulin sensitizers and others promote insulin resistance. Bacterial metabolites such as short chain fatty acids, bile acids, lactate, glycerol, succinate, ethanolamine, and ethanol can be substrates for host metabolism. Postbiotics can fuel host metabolic pathways directly or influence endocrine control of metabolism through immunomodulation or mimicking host-derived hormones. The interaction of postbiotics in the host-microbe relationship should be considered during metabolic inflammation and metabolic disease.

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来源期刊
Endocrine reviews
Endocrine reviews 医学-内分泌学与代谢
CiteScore
42.00
自引率
1.00%
发文量
29
期刊介绍: Endocrine Reviews, published bimonthly, features concise timely reviews updating key mechanistic and clinical concepts, alongside comprehensive, authoritative articles covering both experimental and clinical endocrinology themes. The journal considers topics informing clinical practice based on emerging and established evidence from clinical research. It also reviews advances in endocrine science stemming from studies in cell biology, immunology, pharmacology, genetics, molecular biology, neuroscience, reproductive medicine, and pediatric endocrinology.
期刊最新文献
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