A. Mariscal-Castilla;S. Gómez;R. Manera;J. M. Fernández-Tenllado;J. Mauricio;N. Kratochwil;J. Alozy;M. Piller;S. Portero;A. Sanuy;D. Guberman;J. J. Silva;E. Auffray;R. Ballabriga;G. Ariño-Estrada;M. Campbell;D. Gascón
{"title":"采用带有模拟 SiPM 的 FastIC ASIC 实现亚 100 ps TOF-PET 系统","authors":"A. Mariscal-Castilla;S. Gómez;R. Manera;J. M. Fernández-Tenllado;J. Mauricio;N. Kratochwil;J. Alozy;M. Piller;S. Portero;A. Sanuy;D. Guberman;J. J. Silva;E. Auffray;R. Ballabriga;G. Ariño-Estrada;M. Campbell;D. Gascón","doi":"10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3414578","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Time of Flight positron emission tomography (TOF-PET) scanners demand electronics that are power-efficient, low-noise, cost-effective, and possess a large bandwidth. Recent developments have demonstrated sub-100 ps time resolution with elevated power consumption per channel, rendering this unfeasible to build a scanner. In this work, we evaluate the performance for the TOF-PET of the FastIC front-end using different scintillators and silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs). FastIC is an eight-channel application specific integrated circuit developed in CMOS 65 nm capable of measuring the energy and the arrival time of a detected pulse with 12 mW per channel. Using Hamamatsu SiPMs (S13360-3050PE) coupled to LSO:Ce:0.2%Ca crystals of \n<inline-formula> <tex-math>$2\\times 2\\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\n 3 mm\n<sup>3</sup>\n and LYSO:Ce:0.2%Ca of \n<inline-formula> <tex-math>$3.13\\times 3.13\\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\n 20 mm\n<sup>3</sup>\n, we measured a coincidence time resolution (CTR) of (\n<inline-formula> <tex-math>$95~\\pm ~3$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\n) and \n<inline-formula> <tex-math>$156~\\pm ~4$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\n) ps full width half maximum (FWHM), respectively. With Fondazione Bruno Kessler NUV-HD LF2 M0 SiPMs coupled to the same crystals, we obtained a CTR of (\n<inline-formula> <tex-math>$76~\\pm ~2$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\n) and (\n<inline-formula> <tex-math>$127~\\pm ~3$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\n) ps FWHM. We employed FastIC with a TlCl pure Cherenkov emitter, demonstrating time resolutions comparable to those achieved with the high-power-consuming electronics. These findings shows that the FastIC represents a cost-effective alternative that can significantly enhance the time resolution of the current TOF-PET systems while maintaining low power consumption.","PeriodicalId":46807,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences","volume":"8 7","pages":"718-733"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10557761","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Toward Sub-100 ps TOF-PET Systems Employing the FastIC ASIC With Analog SiPMs\",\"authors\":\"A. Mariscal-Castilla;S. Gómez;R. Manera;J. M. Fernández-Tenllado;J. Mauricio;N. Kratochwil;J. Alozy;M. Piller;S. Portero;A. Sanuy;D. Guberman;J. J. Silva;E. Auffray;R. Ballabriga;G. Ariño-Estrada;M. Campbell;D. Gascón\",\"doi\":\"10.1109/TRPMS.2024.3414578\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Time of Flight positron emission tomography (TOF-PET) scanners demand electronics that are power-efficient, low-noise, cost-effective, and possess a large bandwidth. Recent developments have demonstrated sub-100 ps time resolution with elevated power consumption per channel, rendering this unfeasible to build a scanner. In this work, we evaluate the performance for the TOF-PET of the FastIC front-end using different scintillators and silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs). FastIC is an eight-channel application specific integrated circuit developed in CMOS 65 nm capable of measuring the energy and the arrival time of a detected pulse with 12 mW per channel. Using Hamamatsu SiPMs (S13360-3050PE) coupled to LSO:Ce:0.2%Ca crystals of \\n<inline-formula> <tex-math>$2\\\\times 2\\\\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\\n 3 mm\\n<sup>3</sup>\\n and LYSO:Ce:0.2%Ca of \\n<inline-formula> <tex-math>$3.13\\\\times 3.13\\\\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\\n 20 mm\\n<sup>3</sup>\\n, we measured a coincidence time resolution (CTR) of (\\n<inline-formula> <tex-math>$95~\\\\pm ~3$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\\n) and \\n<inline-formula> <tex-math>$156~\\\\pm ~4$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\\n) ps full width half maximum (FWHM), respectively. With Fondazione Bruno Kessler NUV-HD LF2 M0 SiPMs coupled to the same crystals, we obtained a CTR of (\\n<inline-formula> <tex-math>$76~\\\\pm ~2$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\\n) and (\\n<inline-formula> <tex-math>$127~\\\\pm ~3$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\\n) ps FWHM. We employed FastIC with a TlCl pure Cherenkov emitter, demonstrating time resolutions comparable to those achieved with the high-power-consuming electronics. These findings shows that the FastIC represents a cost-effective alternative that can significantly enhance the time resolution of the current TOF-PET systems while maintaining low power consumption.\",\"PeriodicalId\":46807,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences\",\"volume\":\"8 7\",\"pages\":\"718-733\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-06-14\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10557761\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10557761/\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10557761/","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"RADIOLOGY, NUCLEAR MEDICINE & MEDICAL IMAGING","Score":null,"Total":0}
Toward Sub-100 ps TOF-PET Systems Employing the FastIC ASIC With Analog SiPMs
Time of Flight positron emission tomography (TOF-PET) scanners demand electronics that are power-efficient, low-noise, cost-effective, and possess a large bandwidth. Recent developments have demonstrated sub-100 ps time resolution with elevated power consumption per channel, rendering this unfeasible to build a scanner. In this work, we evaluate the performance for the TOF-PET of the FastIC front-end using different scintillators and silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs). FastIC is an eight-channel application specific integrated circuit developed in CMOS 65 nm capable of measuring the energy and the arrival time of a detected pulse with 12 mW per channel. Using Hamamatsu SiPMs (S13360-3050PE) coupled to LSO:Ce:0.2%Ca crystals of
$2\times 2\times $
3 mm
3
and LYSO:Ce:0.2%Ca of
$3.13\times 3.13\times $
20 mm
3
, we measured a coincidence time resolution (CTR) of (
$95~\pm ~3$
) and
$156~\pm ~4$
) ps full width half maximum (FWHM), respectively. With Fondazione Bruno Kessler NUV-HD LF2 M0 SiPMs coupled to the same crystals, we obtained a CTR of (
$76~\pm ~2$
) and (
$127~\pm ~3$
) ps FWHM. We employed FastIC with a TlCl pure Cherenkov emitter, demonstrating time resolutions comparable to those achieved with the high-power-consuming electronics. These findings shows that the FastIC represents a cost-effective alternative that can significantly enhance the time resolution of the current TOF-PET systems while maintaining low power consumption.