How mobility-based exposure to green space and environmental pollution influence individuals’ wellbeing? A structural equation analysis through the lens of environmental justice

Understanding how mobility-based green space exposure influences momentary wellbeing is vital to promote life quality. Based on a survey conducted in 2017 characterizing residents’ daily activities and environmental pollution exposure in Meiheyuan Community of Beijing, we use Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Green View Index (GVI) to gauge the amount and visibility of exposure to green space at the granularity of activity episodes. Structural equation models are formulated to examine direct influences of green space on activity satisfaction, mediating effects of real-time environmental pollution, and environmental justice under a dynamic activity context. Our results show that the amount of greenness boosts activity satisfaction, and that the direct relationship between green visibility and activity satisfaction follows an inverted U-shaped curve. NDVI indirectly affects activity satisfaction by reducing perceived air pollution. GVI influences both objective and subjective noise pollution, thereby inducing indirect effects on activity satisfaction. Moreover, clear patterns of environmental injustice emerge: individuals with lower monthly incomes, renters, and the unemployed face heightened environmental pollution, when compared to their more affluent, homeowner, and employed counterparts. These findings underscore the significance of larger parks and green spaces for direct satisfaction enhancement, while street vegetation reduces perceived noise pollution and promotes wellbeing.