{"title":"铌酸锂-钽酸锂固溶体中质子交换层的结构和性质","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ssi.2024.116692","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>New optical materials, in particular mixed lithium niobate-tantalate (LNT) solid solutions, are promising for application in photonics and microelectronics. Proton exchange is one of the widely used methods for producing low-contrast optical waveguides. The structure and properties of the proton exchange layers in <em>X</em>- and <em>Z</em>-cut samples were systematically studied using various structural and integrated optical methods. Direct proton exchange leads to the formation of a waveguide layer with a step-like refractive index profile. The waveguide-substrate boundary is clear (not blurred). At this boundary, the parameters of the crystal lattice change abruptly. Proton exchange leads to with the formation of deformation twins and surface damage of the LNT crystal structure. Indices and geometric parameters of surface damage were determined. The results of phase analysis of the samples indicate the presence of <em>β</em>-phases with high degrees of deformation of the crystal lattice. The calculated kinetic parameters of proton diffusion in LNT are significantly lower than for lithium niobate crystals, which is due to both the tantalum impurity and the greater disorder of the crystal lattice, and this leads to a decrease in the increment of the refractive index. The results provide a physical basis of diffuse process and design and fabrication of proton exchange waveguides in mixed LNT solid solutions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":431,"journal":{"name":"Solid State Ionics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Structure and properties of proton exchange layers in lithium niobate-tantalate solid solutions\",\"authors\":\"\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.ssi.2024.116692\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>New optical materials, in particular mixed lithium niobate-tantalate (LNT) solid solutions, are promising for application in photonics and microelectronics. Proton exchange is one of the widely used methods for producing low-contrast optical waveguides. The structure and properties of the proton exchange layers in <em>X</em>- and <em>Z</em>-cut samples were systematically studied using various structural and integrated optical methods. Direct proton exchange leads to the formation of a waveguide layer with a step-like refractive index profile. The waveguide-substrate boundary is clear (not blurred). At this boundary, the parameters of the crystal lattice change abruptly. Proton exchange leads to with the formation of deformation twins and surface damage of the LNT crystal structure. Indices and geometric parameters of surface damage were determined. The results of phase analysis of the samples indicate the presence of <em>β</em>-phases with high degrees of deformation of the crystal lattice. The calculated kinetic parameters of proton diffusion in LNT are significantly lower than for lithium niobate crystals, which is due to both the tantalum impurity and the greater disorder of the crystal lattice, and this leads to a decrease in the increment of the refractive index. The results provide a physical basis of diffuse process and design and fabrication of proton exchange waveguides in mixed LNT solid solutions.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":431,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Solid State Ionics\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-09-07\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Solid State Ionics\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"88\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167273824002406\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"材料科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Solid State Ionics","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167273824002406","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
新型光学材料,尤其是铌酸钽酸锂(LNT)混合固溶体,在光子学和微电子学领域的应用前景广阔。质子交换是生产低对比度光波导的广泛应用方法之一。利用各种结构和集成光学方法,对 X 切和 Z 切样品中质子交换层的结构和性质进行了系统研究。质子直接交换导致形成具有阶梯状折射率轮廓的波导层。波导-基底边界清晰(不模糊)。在这个边界上,晶格参数发生了突变。质子交换导致 LNT 晶体结构形成变形孪晶和表面损伤。对表面损伤的指数和几何参数进行了测定。样品的相分析结果表明存在晶格高度变形的 β 相。计算得出的质子在铌酸锂晶体中扩散的动力学参数明显低于铌酸锂晶体,这既是由于钽杂质的存在,也是由于晶格的无序程度较高,从而导致折射率的增量下降。这些结果为混合铌酸锂固溶体中的扩散过程以及质子交换波导的设计和制造提供了物理基础。
Structure and properties of proton exchange layers in lithium niobate-tantalate solid solutions
New optical materials, in particular mixed lithium niobate-tantalate (LNT) solid solutions, are promising for application in photonics and microelectronics. Proton exchange is one of the widely used methods for producing low-contrast optical waveguides. The structure and properties of the proton exchange layers in X- and Z-cut samples were systematically studied using various structural and integrated optical methods. Direct proton exchange leads to the formation of a waveguide layer with a step-like refractive index profile. The waveguide-substrate boundary is clear (not blurred). At this boundary, the parameters of the crystal lattice change abruptly. Proton exchange leads to with the formation of deformation twins and surface damage of the LNT crystal structure. Indices and geometric parameters of surface damage were determined. The results of phase analysis of the samples indicate the presence of β-phases with high degrees of deformation of the crystal lattice. The calculated kinetic parameters of proton diffusion in LNT are significantly lower than for lithium niobate crystals, which is due to both the tantalum impurity and the greater disorder of the crystal lattice, and this leads to a decrease in the increment of the refractive index. The results provide a physical basis of diffuse process and design and fabrication of proton exchange waveguides in mixed LNT solid solutions.
期刊介绍:
This interdisciplinary journal is devoted to the physics, chemistry and materials science of diffusion, mass transport, and reactivity of solids. The major part of each issue is devoted to articles on:
(i) physics and chemistry of defects in solids;
(ii) reactions in and on solids, e.g. intercalation, corrosion, oxidation, sintering;
(iii) ion transport measurements, mechanisms and theory;
(iv) solid state electrochemistry;
(v) ionically-electronically mixed conducting solids.
Related technological applications are also included, provided their characteristics are interpreted in terms of the basic solid state properties.
Review papers and relevant symposium proceedings are welcome.