要么使用,要么失去:加拿大移民工人劳动力利用不足的问题

IF 1.6 Q2 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS JOURNAL Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI:10.1111/irj.12441
Rupa Banerjee, Danielle Lamb, Laura Lam
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引用次数: 0

摘要

加拿大被公认为新移民的理想目的地,各级政府普遍支持为帮助满足劳动力需求而制定的雄心勃勃的移民目标。加拿大的移民制度主要以人力资本为基础,选择世界上技能最高的新移民。然而,移民到加拿大后往往难以在劳动力市场上获得与其知识和经验相称的成果。在本分析中,我们通过劳动力利用框架的视角,研究了加拿大移民制度中明显存在的悖论--甄选标准吸引了高学历、高技能的工人,但许多人却无法找到与其能力相匹配的就业机会。利用 2006-2019 年加拿大劳动力调查的数据,我们探讨了技能利用不足或人才浪费的五个不同方面:非自愿兼职工作、最低工资工作、失业、过度教育(即就业不足)和工人气馁。我们的研究结果表明,在本研究测量的劳动力利用不足的所有方面,与加拿大出生的非土著同行相比,移民处于绝对劣势。我们讨论了移民人才浪费对个人和社会的道德影响,最后提出了一些可能的政策应对措施,以提高加拿大对移民人才的利用率。
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Use it or lose it: The problem of labour underutilization among immigrant workers in Canada

Canada is widely recognized as a desirable destination for new immigrants and all levels of governments are generally supportive of ambitious immigration targets set to help meet labour demand. Canada's immigration system is based primarily on human capital, selecting the world's most highly skilled newcomers. However, immigrants to Canada have often faced difficulty in attaining labour market outcomes commensurate with their knowledge and experience. In this analysis, we examine the paradox apparent in the Canadian immigration system—the selection criteria attract highly educated and skilled workers, yet many are not able to find employment opportunities that match their abilities—through the lens of the Labour Utilization Framework. Using data from the Canadian Labour Force Survey for the years 2006–2019 inclusive, we explore five different dimensions of skill underutilization or brain waste: involuntary part-time work, minimum wage work, unemployment, over-education (i.e., underemployment), and worker discouragement. Our results suggest that on all dimensions of labour underutilization measured in the study, immigrants are overwhelmingly at a disadvantage relative to their Canadian-born, non-Indigenous counterparts. We discuss the ethical implications of immigrant brain waste for both individuals and society and conclude by suggesting some possible policy responses to improve the utilization of immigrant talent in Canada.

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来源期刊
INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS JOURNAL
INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS JOURNAL INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR-
CiteScore
2.50
自引率
14.30%
发文量
33
期刊最新文献
Issue Information Use it or lose it: The problem of labour underutilization among immigrant workers in Canada Issue Information Did employers abandon collective bargaining? A comparative analysis of the weakening of collective bargaining in the OECD The fallible manager: The critique of management within pluralist industrial relations
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