Engaging healthcare teams to increase access to medications for opioid use disorder

Objective

To assess the effectiveness of evidence-based quality improvement (EBQI) as an implementation strategy to expand the use of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) within nonspecialty settings.

Data Sources and Study Setting

We studied eight facilities in one Veteran Health Administration (VHA) region from October 2015 to September 2022 using administrative data.

Study Design

Initially a pilot, we sequentially engaged seven of eight facilities from April 2018 to September 2022 using EBQI, consisting of multilevel stakeholder engagement, technical support, practice facilitation, and data feedback. We established facility-level interdisciplinary quality improvement (QI) teams and a regional-level cross-facility collaborative. We used a nonrandomized stepped wedge design with repeated cross sections to accommodate the phased implementation. Using aggregate facility-level data from October 2015 to September 2022, we analyzed changes in patients receiving MOUD using hierarchical multiple logistic regression.

Data Collection/Extraction Methods

Eligible patients had an opioid use disorder (OUD) diagnosis from an outpatient or inpatient visit in the previous year. Receiving MOUD was defined as having been prescribed an opioid agonist or antagonist treatment or a visit to an opioid substitution clinic.

Principal Findings

The probability of patients with OUD receiving MOUD improved significantly over time for all eight facilities (average marginal effect [AME]: 0.0057, 95% CI: 0.0044, 0.0070) due to ongoing VHA initiatives, with the probability of receiving MOUD increasing by 0.577 percentage points, on average, each quarter, totaling 16 percentage points during the evaluation period. The seven facilities engaging in EBQI experienced, on average, an additional 5.25 percentage point increase in the probability of receiving MOUD (AME: 0.0525, 95%CI: 0.0280, 0.0769). EBQI duration was not associated with changes.

Conclusions

EBQI was effective for expanding access to MOUD in nonspecialty settings, resulting in increases in patients receiving MOUD exceeding those associated with temporal trends. Additional research is needed due to recent MOUD expansion legislation.