金属增材制造过程中的位错结构演变

M V Upadhyay, S Gaudez, W Pantleon
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摘要

差排结构大量存在于任何添加制造的合金中,它们在决定合金的机械响应方面发挥着主要作用。直到最近,人们还认为这些结构的形成是由于 AM 过程中的快速凝固。然而,对于这些结构是否会因后续的固态热循环(随着层数的进一步增加而发生)而发生演变,还没有达成共识。为了设计出具有理想机械响应的合金微结构,首先必须回答这个悬而未决的问题。最近的一项研究[1]回答了这一问题,该研究采用了一种新颖的实验方法,即在奥氏体不锈钢 AM 加工过程中现场使用基于同步辐射的 X 射线衍射技术--高分辨率倒易空间图谱。研究发现,在快速凝固过程中形成的位错结构在随后的固态热循环过程中发生了显著的演变,尤其是在相关层之上的前几层(最多 5 层)的添加过程中。这项研究的结果摘要见本论文。本文提出了更好地理解 AM 过程中位错结构形成的可能途径(涉及实验和建模协同作用)。
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Dislocation structure evolution during metal additive manufacturing
Dislocation structures are abundantly present in any additively manufactured alloy and they play a primary role in determining the mechanical response of an alloy. Until recently, it was understood that these structures form due to rapid solidification during AM. However, there was no consensus on whether they evolve due to the subsequent solid-state thermal cycling that occurs with further addition of layers. In order to design alloy microstructures with desired mechanical responses, it is crucial to first answer this outstanding question. This question was answered in a recent work [1] involving a novel experiment employing high resolution reciprocal space mapping, a synchrotron based X-ray diffraction technique, in situ during AM of an austenitic stainless steel. The study revealed that dislocation structures formed during rapid solidification undergo significant evolution during subsequent solid-state thermal cycling, in particular during addition of the first few (up to 5) layers above the layer of interest. A summary of the findings of this study are presented in this work. A possible pathway (involving experiment and modelling synergy) to better understanding dislocation structure formation during AM is presented.
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