Manganese oxide for heterogeneous Fenton treatment: Catalyst or inhibitor?

Manganese oxide species have been frequently used for Fenton catalyst design, but their role in reaction with hydrogen peroxide (HO) is still in debate. We here revealed the different routes of manganese oxide/HO interactions occurring at bulk surfaces to that at nanopore-confined surfaces, which have been overlooked in literatures. Briefly, particulate manganese oxide species cause a fast HO decomposition influenced by the valence of manganese and solution pH, but without generation of reactive oxygen species (OH, O, or O) for water treatment; in contrast, manganese oxide/HO interaction under nanopore confinement ( 1 nm) led to the production of radicals (mainly OH and O) and the removal of organic pollutants. We gained insights into the differed reaction routes based on experimental and computational study. Our findings provide caveats on the indiscriminate pursuit of manganese in Fenton catalyst development, against a nullified HO decomposition and impractically slow radical production.