An Analytical Review on the Degradation Mechanisms and Magnesium Alloy Protective Coatings in Biomedical Applications

Unique characteristics such as biocompatibility, degradation capability, and mechanical properties have positioned magnesium alloys as highly favorable choices for use in various medical devices and implants. However, their rapid degradation and associated challenges have limited their widespread use. This study conducts a thorough analysis into the corrosion behavior of magnesium alloys when open to various coatings, using both in vitro and in vivo environments. The review focuses on understanding the degradation mechanisms, factors influencing corrosion, and the resulting consequences. Additionally, it explores the composition of coatings and metals as effective means to control degradation, along with surface treatment and corrosion management methods. To enhance the degrading behavior, bioactivity, and biocompatibility of magnesium alloys, a multistep approach involving coating techniques such as HA coating, LDH, CaP, and titanium dioxide coating is recommended. These coatings have shown significant potential in improving the exterior properties of Mg alloys. Furthermore, using multifunctional coatings is extremely effective in creating secure and bioactive substrates for the application of biodegradable implants, demonstrating significant potential in the field of biomedical engineering.