诊断在实现国家点火装置(NIF)点火方面的关键作用

IF 2 3区 物理与天体物理 Q3 PHYSICS, FLUIDS & PLASMAS Physics of Plasmas Pub Date : 2024-08-14 DOI:10.1063/5.0211684
J. D. Kilkenny, A. Pak, O. L. Landen, A. S. Moore, N. B. Meezan, S. W. Haan, W. W. Hsing, S. H. Batha, D. K. Bradley, M. Gatu-Johnson, A. J. Mackinnon, S. P. Regan, V. A. Smalyuk
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引用次数: 0

摘要

经过数十年在国家点火装置(NIF)上的开发,以及在此之前在新星、OMEGA 和早期 LLNL 激光器上的开发,有 100 多种诊断方法可以在国家点火装置(NIF)上运行。其中的一个子集为 2022 年在 NIF 上实现点火提供了指导 [H. Abu-Shawareb et al.Abu-Shawareb 等人(间接驱动 ICF 协作小组),Phys.129(7), 075001 (2022)].要在 NIF 上实现点火,需要利用这套核心诊断设备进行多种类型的实验,有些实验是为了限制已知的未知因素,有些实验则是为了揭示惊喜--可以说是未知的未知因素。早期的设计工作意识到,在 NIF 上点火所需的极高精度需要通过实验进行微调,即测量和调整已知的未知因素。许多实例表明,在称为平台的实验安排中使用核心点火诊断集,可以控制定义为形状、绝热、速度和混合的关键理论参数。输入条件的调整方向是通过趋势分析找到的,或者在许多情况下是通过观察诊断数据找到调整方向的。此外,诊断还发现了一些意料之外或被忽视的已知问题,这些问题会降低性能,或者是意料之外的问题,即未知的未知因素。其中有些因素以前曾考虑过,但当时估计不足或难以计算。总体方法可以说是波普尔可证伪性哲学的变体[K. Popper, The Logic of Scientific Discovery (Hutchinson, 1974)]。本文从理论或实验装置的证伪或验证以及发现意外问题的角度总结了点火诊断的作用。点火之旅始于七十年代,当时波长为 1 微米的激光产生了灾难性的结果。诊断技术引导我们实现了最近的十年目标,即在实验室中演示点火和燃烧。
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The crucial role of diagnostics in achieving ignition on the National Ignition Facility (NIF)
Well over 100 diagnostics can operate on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) as a result of several decades of development on NIF, and before that on Nova, OMEGA, and earlier LLNL lasers. A subset of these have guided the approach to achieving ignition on the NIF in 2022 [H. Abu-Shawareb et al. (Indirect Drive ICF Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 129(7), 075001 (2022)]. Achieving ignition on NIF has required many types of experiments with this core set of diagnostics, some constraining known unknowns and some revealing surprises—arguably unknown unknowns. Early design work realized that the extreme precision required for ignition on NIF would require fine-tuning by experiment, that is, measuring and adjusting known unknowns. Many examples are given where the use of the core set of ignition diagnostics in experimental arrangements called platforms demonstrated control of the key theoretical parameters defined as shape, adiabat, velocity, and mix. The direction of the adjustments to input conditions is found either by trend analysis or, in many cases, by observing from the diagnostic data the direction to make an adjustment. In addition, diagnostics have revealed some unexpected or neglected known issues, which degrade performance, or unexpected issues, unknown unknowns. Some of these factors had been previously considered, but underestimated or difficult to calculate at the time. The overall methodology can be described as a variant of Popper's falsifiability philosophy [K. Popper, The Logic of Scientific Discovery (Hutchinson, 1974)]. This paper summarizes the role of ignition diagnostics in terms of falsification or validation of theory or experimental setup as well as uncovering unexpected issues. The journey to ignition started in the seventies with a 1-µm wavelength laser producing disastrous results. Diagnostics have guided us to the recent multi-decadal goal of demonstrating ignition and burn in the laboratory.
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来源期刊
Physics of Plasmas
Physics of Plasmas 物理-物理:流体与等离子体
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
22.70%
发文量
653
审稿时长
2.5 months
期刊介绍: Physics of Plasmas (PoP), published by AIP Publishing in cooperation with the APS Division of Plasma Physics, is committed to the publication of original research in all areas of experimental and theoretical plasma physics. PoP publishes comprehensive and in-depth review manuscripts covering important areas of study and Special Topics highlighting new and cutting-edge developments in plasma physics. Every year a special issue publishes the invited and review papers from the most recent meeting of the APS Division of Plasma Physics. PoP covers a broad range of important research in this dynamic field, including: -Basic plasma phenomena, waves, instabilities -Nonlinear phenomena, turbulence, transport -Magnetically confined plasmas, heating, confinement -Inertially confined plasmas, high-energy density plasma science, warm dense matter -Ionospheric, solar-system, and astrophysical plasmas -Lasers, particle beams, accelerators, radiation generation -Radiation emission, absorption, and transport -Low-temperature plasmas, plasma applications, plasma sources, sheaths -Dusty plasmas
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