{"title":"热泵中的低全球升温潜能值制冷剂:内部热交换器影响的实验研究","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100704","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In heat pumps, the use of refrigerants with a low global warming potential (GWP) gains importance due to increasingly strict regulations regarding their ecological impact. In this regard, hydrocarbons (HCs), hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs), and their mixtures are the most promising options due to their thermodynamic properties. Besides the impact of the refrigerant, the cycle configuration (e.g., basic cycle and internal heat exchanger cycle) strongly influences the efficiency of the heat pump. While the potential of low-GWP refrigerants in internal heat exchanger (IHX) cycle configurations is widely investigated in numerical studies, there is a lack of experimental validation. Therefore, this work experimentally evaluates four HCs (R290, R600a, R436A, R1270) and the HFO R1234yf in comparison to R134a in a brine-water heat pump test bench. The test bench design allows to switch between the basic and IHX cycle, thus, enabling the simultaneous impact evaluation of the cycle configuration and the refrigerant on the performance. In the experiments, R1270 shows the highest efficiency for all operating points followed by R290 in the basic cycle. The IHX cycle improves the efficiency for all refrigerants in comparison to the basic cycle. The zeotropic mixture R436A achieves the highest efficiency improvements of up to 27.5% compared to the basic cycle, whereas the efficiency of the single-component refrigerants increases by 10% on average. Despite the significantly higher improvements of R436A due to the IHX, R1270 still leads to the highest coefficient of performance (COP) of up to 6.6 (B12/W35) in the IHX cycle configuration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":37131,"journal":{"name":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":7.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259017452400182X/pdfft?md5=359cd64c3249f585243c12c1b642160c&pid=1-s2.0-S259017452400182X-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Low-GWP refrigerants in heat pumps: An experimental investigation of the influence of an internal heat exchanger\",\"authors\":\"\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100704\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>In heat pumps, the use of refrigerants with a low global warming potential (GWP) gains importance due to increasingly strict regulations regarding their ecological impact. In this regard, hydrocarbons (HCs), hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs), and their mixtures are the most promising options due to their thermodynamic properties. Besides the impact of the refrigerant, the cycle configuration (e.g., basic cycle and internal heat exchanger cycle) strongly influences the efficiency of the heat pump. While the potential of low-GWP refrigerants in internal heat exchanger (IHX) cycle configurations is widely investigated in numerical studies, there is a lack of experimental validation. Therefore, this work experimentally evaluates four HCs (R290, R600a, R436A, R1270) and the HFO R1234yf in comparison to R134a in a brine-water heat pump test bench. The test bench design allows to switch between the basic and IHX cycle, thus, enabling the simultaneous impact evaluation of the cycle configuration and the refrigerant on the performance. In the experiments, R1270 shows the highest efficiency for all operating points followed by R290 in the basic cycle. The IHX cycle improves the efficiency for all refrigerants in comparison to the basic cycle. The zeotropic mixture R436A achieves the highest efficiency improvements of up to 27.5% compared to the basic cycle, whereas the efficiency of the single-component refrigerants increases by 10% on average. Despite the significantly higher improvements of R436A due to the IHX, R1270 still leads to the highest coefficient of performance (COP) of up to 6.6 (B12/W35) in the IHX cycle configuration.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":37131,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Energy Conversion and Management-X\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":7.1000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-09-12\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259017452400182X/pdfft?md5=359cd64c3249f585243c12c1b642160c&pid=1-s2.0-S259017452400182X-main.pdf\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Energy Conversion and Management-X\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259017452400182X\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"ENERGY & FUELS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Energy Conversion and Management-X","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S259017452400182X","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENERGY & FUELS","Score":null,"Total":0}
Low-GWP refrigerants in heat pumps: An experimental investigation of the influence of an internal heat exchanger
In heat pumps, the use of refrigerants with a low global warming potential (GWP) gains importance due to increasingly strict regulations regarding their ecological impact. In this regard, hydrocarbons (HCs), hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs), and their mixtures are the most promising options due to their thermodynamic properties. Besides the impact of the refrigerant, the cycle configuration (e.g., basic cycle and internal heat exchanger cycle) strongly influences the efficiency of the heat pump. While the potential of low-GWP refrigerants in internal heat exchanger (IHX) cycle configurations is widely investigated in numerical studies, there is a lack of experimental validation. Therefore, this work experimentally evaluates four HCs (R290, R600a, R436A, R1270) and the HFO R1234yf in comparison to R134a in a brine-water heat pump test bench. The test bench design allows to switch between the basic and IHX cycle, thus, enabling the simultaneous impact evaluation of the cycle configuration and the refrigerant on the performance. In the experiments, R1270 shows the highest efficiency for all operating points followed by R290 in the basic cycle. The IHX cycle improves the efficiency for all refrigerants in comparison to the basic cycle. The zeotropic mixture R436A achieves the highest efficiency improvements of up to 27.5% compared to the basic cycle, whereas the efficiency of the single-component refrigerants increases by 10% on average. Despite the significantly higher improvements of R436A due to the IHX, R1270 still leads to the highest coefficient of performance (COP) of up to 6.6 (B12/W35) in the IHX cycle configuration.
期刊介绍:
Energy Conversion and Management: X is the open access extension of the reputable journal Energy Conversion and Management, serving as a platform for interdisciplinary research on a wide array of critical energy subjects. The journal is dedicated to publishing original contributions and in-depth technical review articles that present groundbreaking research on topics spanning energy generation, utilization, conversion, storage, transmission, conservation, management, and sustainability.
The scope of Energy Conversion and Management: X encompasses various forms of energy, including mechanical, thermal, nuclear, chemical, electromagnetic, magnetic, and electric energy. It addresses all known energy resources, highlighting both conventional sources like fossil fuels and nuclear power, as well as renewable resources such as solar, biomass, hydro, wind, geothermal, and ocean energy.