{"title":"高尔夫球场对鸟类是好是坏?综合评述","authors":"Zachary E. Ormiston, Daniel A. Cristol","doi":"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105221","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>For some, golf courses are green oases of nature, while others see only toxic scars on the landscape. This review develops a less dichotomous approach by synthesizing all research on avian use of golf courses. Comparisons with other habitats reveal that golf courses have higher species richness due to attraction of species adapted to human-dominated landscapes, including non-natives. However, species of conservation concern usually disappear altogether from golf courses. Golf courses that support some bird species of conservation concern are those that preserve large tracts of native vegetation. The amount of intact vegetation surrounding a golf course is an important determinant of avian diversity within the course due to dispersal to and from surrounding patches. Most of what is known about reproductive success of golf course birds comes from just one species, eastern bluebird (<em>Sialia sialis</em>), which generally reproduces as well on golf courses as in similar habitats. But this species is not representative of most songbirds because it is pre-adapted for sparsely forested landscapes with high ecological disturbance. Overall, there are no documented examples of golf courses playing a meaningful role in conservation of rare birds. However, widespread avian mortality from pesticides, once a major impact of golf courses, has not been conclusively demonstrated in the 21st century. In conclusion, golf courses are greenspace with a relatively high number and variety of birds and successful reproduction of bluebirds, but their role in reaching conservation goals or serving as valuable breeding habitat for species of concern has not been realized.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":54744,"journal":{"name":"Landscape and Urban Planning","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 105221"},"PeriodicalIF":7.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169204624002202/pdfft?md5=ba5af1367549fc72e44d1a978db30bf1&pid=1-s2.0-S0169204624002202-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Are golf courses good or bad for birds: A synthetic review\",\"authors\":\"Zachary E. Ormiston, Daniel A. Cristol\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105221\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>For some, golf courses are green oases of nature, while others see only toxic scars on the landscape. This review develops a less dichotomous approach by synthesizing all research on avian use of golf courses. Comparisons with other habitats reveal that golf courses have higher species richness due to attraction of species adapted to human-dominated landscapes, including non-natives. However, species of conservation concern usually disappear altogether from golf courses. Golf courses that support some bird species of conservation concern are those that preserve large tracts of native vegetation. The amount of intact vegetation surrounding a golf course is an important determinant of avian diversity within the course due to dispersal to and from surrounding patches. Most of what is known about reproductive success of golf course birds comes from just one species, eastern bluebird (<em>Sialia sialis</em>), which generally reproduces as well on golf courses as in similar habitats. But this species is not representative of most songbirds because it is pre-adapted for sparsely forested landscapes with high ecological disturbance. Overall, there are no documented examples of golf courses playing a meaningful role in conservation of rare birds. However, widespread avian mortality from pesticides, once a major impact of golf courses, has not been conclusively demonstrated in the 21st century. In conclusion, golf courses are greenspace with a relatively high number and variety of birds and successful reproduction of bluebirds, but their role in reaching conservation goals or serving as valuable breeding habitat for species of concern has not been realized.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":54744,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Landscape and Urban Planning\",\"volume\":\"253 \",\"pages\":\"Article 105221\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":7.9000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-09-19\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169204624002202/pdfft?md5=ba5af1367549fc72e44d1a978db30bf1&pid=1-s2.0-S0169204624002202-main.pdf\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Landscape and Urban Planning\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"93\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169204624002202\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"环境科学与生态学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"ECOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Landscape and Urban Planning","FirstCategoryId":"93","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169204624002202","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ECOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Are golf courses good or bad for birds: A synthetic review
For some, golf courses are green oases of nature, while others see only toxic scars on the landscape. This review develops a less dichotomous approach by synthesizing all research on avian use of golf courses. Comparisons with other habitats reveal that golf courses have higher species richness due to attraction of species adapted to human-dominated landscapes, including non-natives. However, species of conservation concern usually disappear altogether from golf courses. Golf courses that support some bird species of conservation concern are those that preserve large tracts of native vegetation. The amount of intact vegetation surrounding a golf course is an important determinant of avian diversity within the course due to dispersal to and from surrounding patches. Most of what is known about reproductive success of golf course birds comes from just one species, eastern bluebird (Sialia sialis), which generally reproduces as well on golf courses as in similar habitats. But this species is not representative of most songbirds because it is pre-adapted for sparsely forested landscapes with high ecological disturbance. Overall, there are no documented examples of golf courses playing a meaningful role in conservation of rare birds. However, widespread avian mortality from pesticides, once a major impact of golf courses, has not been conclusively demonstrated in the 21st century. In conclusion, golf courses are greenspace with a relatively high number and variety of birds and successful reproduction of bluebirds, but their role in reaching conservation goals or serving as valuable breeding habitat for species of concern has not been realized.
期刊介绍:
Landscape and Urban Planning is an international journal that aims to enhance our understanding of landscapes and promote sustainable solutions for landscape change. The journal focuses on landscapes as complex social-ecological systems that encompass various spatial and temporal dimensions. These landscapes possess aesthetic, natural, and cultural qualities that are valued by individuals in different ways, leading to actions that alter the landscape. With increasing urbanization and the need for ecological and cultural sensitivity at various scales, a multidisciplinary approach is necessary to comprehend and align social and ecological values for landscape sustainability. The journal believes that combining landscape science with planning and design can yield positive outcomes for both people and nature.