高尔夫球场对鸟类是好是坏?综合评述

IF 7.9 1区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY Landscape and Urban Planning Pub Date : 2024-09-19 DOI:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2024.105221
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在一些人看来,高尔夫球场是大自然的绿洲,而在另一些人看来,高尔夫球场只是景观上的有毒伤疤。这篇综述综合了所有关于鸟类利用高尔夫球场的研究,提出了一种不那么二分法的方法。与其他栖息地的比较显示,高尔夫球场的物种丰富度较高,原因是吸引了适应人类主导景观的物种,包括非本地物种。不过,受保护的物种通常会从高尔夫球场完全消失。支持一些受保护鸟类的高尔夫球场是那些保留了大片本地植被的球场。高尔夫球场周围完整植被的数量是决定球场内鸟类多样性的一个重要因素,因为鸟类会从周围的植被散布到球场内。人们对高尔夫球场鸟类繁殖成功率的了解大多来自一个物种,即东部蓝鸟(Sialia sialis),它在高尔夫球场上的繁殖能力通常与在类似栖息地上的繁殖能力相当。但这一物种并不能代表大多数鸣禽,因为它预先适应了生态干扰严重的疏林景观。总的来说,目前还没有高尔夫球场在保护珍稀鸟类方面发挥有意义作用的文献记载。不过,杀虫剂曾是高尔夫球场造成鸟类死亡的主要原因之一,但在 21 世纪,杀虫剂造成鸟类死亡的普遍现象尚未得到确证。总之,高尔夫球场是鸟类数量和种类相对较多的绿地,也是蓝鸟成功繁殖的场所,但其在实现保护目标或作为受关注物种的宝贵繁殖栖息地方面的作用尚未实现。
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Are golf courses good or bad for birds: A synthetic review

For some, golf courses are green oases of nature, while others see only toxic scars on the landscape. This review develops a less dichotomous approach by synthesizing all research on avian use of golf courses. Comparisons with other habitats reveal that golf courses have higher species richness due to attraction of species adapted to human-dominated landscapes, including non-natives. However, species of conservation concern usually disappear altogether from golf courses. Golf courses that support some bird species of conservation concern are those that preserve large tracts of native vegetation. The amount of intact vegetation surrounding a golf course is an important determinant of avian diversity within the course due to dispersal to and from surrounding patches. Most of what is known about reproductive success of golf course birds comes from just one species, eastern bluebird (Sialia sialis), which generally reproduces as well on golf courses as in similar habitats. But this species is not representative of most songbirds because it is pre-adapted for sparsely forested landscapes with high ecological disturbance. Overall, there are no documented examples of golf courses playing a meaningful role in conservation of rare birds. However, widespread avian mortality from pesticides, once a major impact of golf courses, has not been conclusively demonstrated in the 21st century. In conclusion, golf courses are greenspace with a relatively high number and variety of birds and successful reproduction of bluebirds, but their role in reaching conservation goals or serving as valuable breeding habitat for species of concern has not been realized.

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来源期刊
Landscape and Urban Planning
Landscape and Urban Planning 环境科学-生态学
CiteScore
15.20
自引率
6.60%
发文量
232
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: Landscape and Urban Planning is an international journal that aims to enhance our understanding of landscapes and promote sustainable solutions for landscape change. The journal focuses on landscapes as complex social-ecological systems that encompass various spatial and temporal dimensions. These landscapes possess aesthetic, natural, and cultural qualities that are valued by individuals in different ways, leading to actions that alter the landscape. With increasing urbanization and the need for ecological and cultural sensitivity at various scales, a multidisciplinary approach is necessary to comprehend and align social and ecological values for landscape sustainability. The journal believes that combining landscape science with planning and design can yield positive outcomes for both people and nature.
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