中国直接还原铁的发展:挑战与途径

IF 10.1 1区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Engineering Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI:10.1016/j.eng.2024.04.025
Chengzhi Wei, Xin Zhang, Jin Zhang, Liangping Xu, Guanghui Li, Tao Jiang
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引用次数: 0

摘要

钢铁工业被认为是国民经济的重要基础产业,其高能耗和高碳排放使其成为气候变化的主要因素,尤其是在中国。中国大部分粗钢都是通过高炉--碱性氧气炉(BF-BOF)这一高能耗、高碳排放的途径生产的,对炼焦煤的依赖很大。近年来,在去碳化政策法规的推动下,中国钢铁行业在节能减排方面取得了长足进步。然而,由于粗钢产量巨大,钢铁行业的二氧化碳排放量仍占全国总排放量的 15%。直接还原铁(DRI)加废钢-电弧炉(EAF)工艺目前被认为是传统工艺的良好替代品,是减少二氧化碳排放和钢铁行业对铁矿石和炼焦煤依赖的一种手段,因为基于天然气的 DRI 加废钢-电弧炉工艺预计比基于煤炭的工艺更有前途。遗憾的是,中国几乎不生产 DRI,严重制约了电炉法路线的发展。在此,我们将以中国为重点,强调 DRI 未来发展的挑战和途径。在短期内,用焦炉煤气(COG)和炼化一体化行业的副产品气替代天然气,是在中国发展天然气路线的一种更经济可行、更清洁的方式。随着能源革命的推进,化石燃料与碳捕集、利用和封存(CCUS)以及氢气的结合使用将因其相对较低的成本而成为一种很好的替代方案。从长远来看,预计 DRI 的生产将 100% 使用来自可再生能源的氢气。为制备用于直接还原(DR)的高质量颗粒,需要开发深加工技术和发明新型粘合剂,并且有必要进一步研究基于气体的一步法工艺。
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Development of Direct Reduced Iron in China: Challenges and Pathways
The steel industry is considered an important basic sector of the national economy, and its high energy consumption and carbon emissions make it a major contributor to climate change, especially in China. The majority of crude steel in China is produced via the energy- and carbon-intensive blast furnace–basic oxygen furnace (BF–BOF) route, which greatly relies on coking coal. In recent years, China’s steel sector has made significant progress in energy conservation and emission reduction, driven by decarbonization policies and regulations. However, due to the huge output of crude steel, the steel sector still produces 15% of the total national CO2 emissions. The direct reduced iron (DRI) plus scrap–electric arc furnace (EAF) process is currently considered a good alternative to the conventional route as a means of reducing CO2 emissions and the steel industry’s reliance on iron ore and coking coal, since the gas-based DRI plus scrap–EAF route is expected to be more promising than the coal-based one. Unfortunately, almost no DRI is produced in China, seriously restricting the development of the EAF route. Here, we highlight the challenges and pathways of the future development of DRI, with a focus on China. In the short term, replacing natural gas with coke oven gas (COG) and byproduct gas from the integrated refining and chemical sector is a more economically feasible and cleaner way to develop a gas-based route in China. As the energy revolution proceeds, using fossil fuels in combination with carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) and hydrogen will be a good alternative due to the relatively low cost. In the long term, DRI is expected to be produced using 100% hydrogen from renewable energy. Both the development of deep processing technologies and the invention of a novel binder are required to prepare high-quality pellets for direct reduction (DR), and further research on the one-step gas-based process is necessary.
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来源期刊
Engineering
Engineering Environmental Science-Environmental Engineering
自引率
1.60%
发文量
335
审稿时长
35 days
期刊介绍: Engineering, an international open-access journal initiated by the Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE) in 2015, serves as a distinguished platform for disseminating cutting-edge advancements in engineering R&D, sharing major research outputs, and highlighting key achievements worldwide. The journal's objectives encompass reporting progress in engineering science, fostering discussions on hot topics, addressing areas of interest, challenges, and prospects in engineering development, while considering human and environmental well-being and ethics in engineering. It aims to inspire breakthroughs and innovations with profound economic and social significance, propelling them to advanced international standards and transforming them into a new productive force. Ultimately, this endeavor seeks to bring about positive changes globally, benefit humanity, and shape a new future.
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