利用树冠下喷灌对苹果疮痂病进行管理,在空中散播苹果疮痂病病毒病(Venturia inaequalis) ascospores

IF 1.7 3区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY European Journal of Plant Pathology Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI:10.1007/s10658-024-02949-3
Daniele Prodorutti, Nadia Vendrame, Emanuela Coller, Dino Zardi, Arne Stensvand, Vincent Philion, Ilaria Pertot
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引用次数: 0

摘要

喷灌系统可在不适合感染的条件下从地面上受感染的叶片中释放苹果疮痂病病原 Venturia inaequalis 的 ascospores,从而减少主要接种体。在防风围栏或露风果园中,每天中午对严重感染疮痂病的越冬苹果叶片进行两小时的树冠下灌溉。用旋转臂孢子捕捉器在离地面 0.3 米至 3.0 米的高度捕捉孢子。Ascospores 散布在灌溉层上方,在洒水器上方的所有高度都能检测到。风在孢子传播过程中起着关键作用,这一点在设置风栅栏以尽量减少风的干扰时显而易见,结果与风力不受限制的果园相比,所有测量高度的空气传播孢子数量都更高。此外,垂直温度梯度与孢子分布明显相关,尤其是在 0.3 米至 0.05 米高度的负梯度和 1.0 米至 0.3 米高度的正梯度导致孢子滞留在灌溉区内。研究结果突出表明,散布在灌溉层上方的 ascospores 可以在易感组织上定居。因此,必须确保灌溉后至少有 24 小时的无雨期,如果灌溉后不久降雨,则必须在意外降雨后施用杀菌剂。因此,可靠的天气预报对于确定树冠下灌溉是否能有效降低苹果疮痂病发病率至关重要。
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Aerial dispersal of Venturia inaequalis ascospores with under-canopy sprinkler irrigation for apple scab management

Sprinkler irrigation systems can release ascospores of Venturia inaequalis, the cause of apple scab, from infected leaves on the ground under conditions unsuitable for infection, and thus reducing the primary inoculum. Under-canopy irrigation was carried out for two hours in the middle of the day over overwintered apple leaves heavily infected with scab, either in a wind-protected enclosure or in a wind-exposed orchard. Ascospores were captured with rotating-arm spore traps at heights ranging from 0.3 m to 3.0 m above the ground. Ascospores dispersed above the irrigated layer and were detected at all heights above the sprinklers. Wind played a critical role in spore transport, evident from the set-up where wind interference was minimised by a wind fence, resulting in higher airborne spore numbers across all measured heights compared with the orchard exposed to unrestricted wind conditions. Furthermore, vertical temperature gradients significantly correlated with spore distributions, particularly where negative gradients at heights between 0.3 m and 0.05 m and positive gradients at heights between 1.0 m and 0.3 m led to spore retention within the irrigated zone. The findings highlight that ascospores, dispersed above the irrigated layers, could settle on susceptible tissues. It thus becomes imperative to ensure a rain-free period of at least 24 h post-irrigation and, if a rainfall shortly occurs after irrigation, the application of curative fungicides becomes essential following unexpected rain. Reliable weather forecasts are therefore crucial in determining the effectiveness of under-canopy irrigation to reduce apple scab incidence.

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来源期刊
European Journal of Plant Pathology
European Journal of Plant Pathology 农林科学-农艺学
CiteScore
4.20
自引率
5.60%
发文量
183
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: The European Journal of Plant Pathology is an international journal publishing original articles in English dealing with fundamental and applied aspects of plant pathology; considering disease in agricultural and horticultural crops, forestry, and in natural plant populations. The types of articles published are :Original Research at the molecular, physiological, whole-plant and population levels; Mini-reviews on topics which are timely and of global rather than national or regional significance; Short Communications for important research findings that can be presented in an abbreviated format; and Letters-to-the-Editor, where these raise issues related to articles previously published in the journal. Submissions relating to disease vector biology and integrated crop protection are welcome. However, routine screenings of plant protection products, varietal trials for disease resistance, and biological control agents are not published in the journal unless framed in the context of strategic approaches to disease management.
期刊最新文献
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