Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.1007/s10658-024-02929-7
Anik Majumdar
{"title":"Non-coding RNAs and their role in enhancing virus resistance in plants","authors":"Anik Majumdar","doi":"10.1007/s10658-024-02929-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-024-02929-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12052,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Plant Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141927552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-02DOI: 10.1007/s10658-024-02928-8
Junye Jiang, Will Feindel, Michael Harding, David Feindel, Stacey Bajema, Jie Feng
Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is one of the most important crops facing threats from different diseases. Rapid and accurate diagnosis is essential to control disease development and spread. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) has been widely used in potato disease diagnosis. In this study, we evaluated the specificity of 19 probe-based and four SYBR Green-based qPCR protocols for 17 potato diseases using in silico analysis. Primers and probes of those protocols were subjected to BLASTn analysis against the nucleotide collection (nr/nt) database and the whole-genome shotgun contigs (wgs) database of NCBI for the presence of primer/probe sequences in non-target species. Results showed that 12 of 23 qPCR protocols were not specific to the target pathogens. A qPCR experiment indicated that even nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are present on the sequences of the primer/probe binding sites between the potato silver scurf pathogen Helminthosporium solani and its close-related species H. velutinum, the primers/probe specific to the former could amplify signals from the latter. These findings highlight the need for additional methods to enhance the diagnostic accuracy and new sequencing technologies such as next generation sequencing could provide useful information to develop specific diagnostic protocols for these pathogens.
{"title":"Using in silico analysis to investigate the false positive potential of qPCR systems for potato disease diagnosis","authors":"Junye Jiang, Will Feindel, Michael Harding, David Feindel, Stacey Bajema, Jie Feng","doi":"10.1007/s10658-024-02928-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-024-02928-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Potato (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i>) is one of the most important crops facing threats from different diseases. Rapid and accurate diagnosis is essential to control disease development and spread. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) has been widely used in potato disease diagnosis. In this study, we evaluated the specificity of 19 probe-based and four SYBR Green-based qPCR protocols for 17 potato diseases using <i>in silico</i> analysis. Primers and probes of those protocols were subjected to BLASTn analysis against the nucleotide collection (nr/nt) database and the whole-genome shotgun contigs (wgs) database of NCBI for the presence of primer/probe sequences in non-target species. Results showed that 12 of 23 qPCR protocols were not specific to the target pathogens. A qPCR experiment indicated that even nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are present on the sequences of the primer/probe binding sites between the potato silver scurf pathogen <i>Helminthosporium solani</i> and its close-related species <i>H. velutinum</i>, the primers/probe specific to the former could amplify signals from the latter. These findings highlight the need for additional methods to enhance the diagnostic accuracy and new sequencing technologies such as next generation sequencing could provide useful information to develop specific diagnostic protocols for these pathogens.</p>","PeriodicalId":12052,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Plant Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141886300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This review entails a critical appraisal on the potential of plants as alternatives to synthetic chemicals for crop protection, aligning with the global shift towards green-based approaches in agriculture. Utilising a defined set of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 235 papers were extracted from Scopus. These articles were analyzed to address specific research questions related to plant-based biocontrol methods. Approximately 25% of the literature was published in journals such as "Industrial Crops and Products", "Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry", "Pest Management Science", and "Frontiers in Microbiology". Thematic analysis identified core focus areas, including the chemical properties of antifungal agents, bioactive compounds, environmental protection, and the use of fungicides. Italy and China emerged as countries with the most represented authors, while China, India, and USA led in scientific production, corresponding authors' publications, and citation impact. We identified 91 plant species from 28 families, notably from the Lamiaceae, with strong potential as biocontrol agents. The most promising plants were Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco, Mentha piperita L., Foeniculum vulgare L., Coriandrum sativum L., and Allium ascalonicium L. This study offers valuable insights and practical applications in the field of plant-based biocontrol, thereby underscoring the relevance and efficacy of green-based approaches in contemporary agricultural practices. There is an increasing scientific interest in sustainable crop protection strategies and the potential of plant-based biocontrol agents in addressing biotic stresses in crops. Overall, this review contributes to the understanding of plant-based biocontrol for crop protection, providing a foundation for further research and application in sustainable agriculture.
{"title":"Plants as an alternative to the use of chemicals for crop protection against biotic threats: trends and future perspectives","authors":"Adeyemi Oladapo Aremu, Temitope Olorunyomi Omogbene, Tobi Fadiji, Ibraheem Oduola Lawal, Umezuruike Linus Opara, Olaniyi Amos Fawole","doi":"10.1007/s10658-024-02924-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-024-02924-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This review entails a critical appraisal on the potential of plants as alternatives to synthetic chemicals for crop protection, aligning with the global shift towards green-based approaches in agriculture. Utilising a defined set of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 235 papers were extracted from Scopus. These articles were analyzed to address specific research questions related to plant-based biocontrol methods. Approximately 25% of the literature was published in journals such as \"Industrial Crops and Products\", \"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry\", \"Pest Management Science\", and \"Frontiers in Microbiology\". Thematic analysis identified core focus areas, including the chemical properties of antifungal agents, bioactive compounds, environmental protection, and the use of fungicides. Italy and China emerged as countries with the most represented authors, while China, India, and USA led in scientific production, corresponding authors' publications, and citation impact. We identified 91 plant species from 28 families, notably from the Lamiaceae, with strong potential as biocontrol agents. The most promising plants were <i>Platycladus orientalis</i> (L.) Franco, <i>Mentha piperita</i> L., <i>Foeniculum vulgare</i> L., <i>Coriandrum sativum</i> L., and <i>Allium ascalonicium</i> L. This study offers valuable insights and practical applications in the field of plant-based biocontrol, thereby underscoring the relevance and efficacy of green-based approaches in contemporary agricultural practices. There is an increasing scientific interest in sustainable crop protection strategies and the potential of plant-based biocontrol agents in addressing biotic stresses in crops. Overall, this review contributes to the understanding of plant-based biocontrol for crop protection, providing a foundation for further research and application in sustainable agriculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":12052,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Plant Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141886299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dragon’s head (Lallemantia iberica) as an oilseed crop has been recently introduced to Iranian farmers and due to its tolerance to abiotic stresses grown in drylands and rain-fed areas of the country in rotation with cereals and pulses. In this study, fifty Iranian L. iberica landraces were evaluated for the prevalent diseases under field conditions during 2019–2021 in Gonbad-Kavous, North of Iran. A spot lesion/blight symptom was observed in the field and the subsequent classical and molecular mycological studies identified Alternaria tenuissima and A.atra as the causal agents. Subsequently, a complimentary experiment was conducted to screen genotypes for these disease agents under controlled conditions using the proposed scoring system invented in this study. Results showed a significant negative correlation of Sclerotinia stem rot with yield and plant height, while no relationship was observed between Alternaria spot/blight and agronomic traits. Two and twenty-one genotypes were identified as highly resistant and resistant to Sclerotinia stem rot in the field, respectively; where six of them showed additional resistance to Altarnaria spp. in the glasshouse. The resistant/high-yield genotypes identified through this research can be considered valuable sources to be released as new cultivars or exploited in breeding programs.
{"title":"Evaluation of Iranian Dragon’s Head landraces for resistance to prevalent diseases in the field and glasshouse conditions","authors":"Hamid Reza Pouralibaba, Ma’soumeh Kheirgoo, Naser Mohammadi, Mozhgan Tabrizivand Taheri, Shahriar Kia","doi":"10.1007/s10658-024-02927-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-024-02927-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Dragon’s head (<i>Lallemantia iberica</i>) as an oilseed crop has been recently introduced to Iranian farmers and due to its tolerance to abiotic stresses grown in drylands and rain-fed areas of the country in rotation with cereals and pulses. In this study, fifty Iranian <i>L. iberica</i> landraces were evaluated for the prevalent diseases under field conditions during 2019–2021 in Gonbad-Kavous, North of Iran. A spot lesion/blight symptom was observed in the field and the subsequent classical and molecular mycological studies identified <i>Alternaria tenuissima</i> and <i>A.atra</i> as the causal agents. Subsequently, a complimentary experiment was conducted to screen genotypes for these disease agents under controlled conditions using the proposed scoring system invented in this study. Results showed a significant negative correlation of Sclerotinia stem rot with yield and plant height, while no relationship was observed between Alternaria spot/blight and agronomic traits. Two and twenty-one genotypes were identified as highly resistant and resistant to Sclerotinia stem rot in the field, respectively; where six of them showed additional resistance to <i>Altarnaria spp</i>. in the glasshouse. The resistant/high-yield genotypes identified through this research can be considered valuable sources to be released as new cultivars or exploited in breeding programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12052,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Plant Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141863415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-01DOI: 10.1007/s10658-024-02921-1
Chao-Jung Wu, Jin-Liang Chen, Shean-Shong Tzean, Hui-Fang Ni
Leaf spot disease is commonly found on leaves of avocado plants in avocado orchards in Taiwan. Needle-like spots with yellow halos appear on diseased avocado leaves at the incipient stage, and these spots gradually enlarge and become brown lesions with black-brown centers. The causal agent of this disease is unknown. A Pseudoplagiostoma species was isolated from these leaf spots. Evaluation of morphological traits and phylogenetic analysis using the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer operon, β-tubulin, and partial large subunit of ribosomal DNA markers identified this fungal species as a novel species, Pseudoplagiostoma perseae sp. nov. A pathogenicity test was conducted on three avocado cultivars, ‘Choquette’, ‘Hall’, and ‘Hung Shin Yuan’. After 2 weeks of inoculation, needle-like leaf spots appeared on all three cultivars, and P. perseae was re-isolated from the spots of all inoculated leaves, fulfilling Koch’s postulates. This is the first report describing the novel species P. perseae, which was validated as the causal agent of avocado leaf spot disease.
叶斑病常见于台湾牛油果果园的牛油果植株叶片上。发病初期,牛油果叶片上会出现带有黄色晕圈的针状斑点,这些斑点会逐渐扩大,变成中心为黑褐色的褐色病斑。这种病的病原尚不清楚。从这些叶斑中分离出一种假鳞茎菌。利用核糖体 DNA 内部转录间隔操作子、β-微管蛋白和部分核糖体 DNA 大亚基标记对形态特征进行评估和系统发育分析,确定该真菌为一个新物种,即 Pseudoplagiostoma perseae sp.在三个牛油果栽培品种'Choquette'、'Hall'和'Hung Shin Yuan'上进行了致病性试验。接种 2 周后,三个品种上都出现了针状叶斑,从所有接种叶片的病斑中再次分离出了 P. perseae,符合科赫假说。这是第一份描述新物种 P. perseae 的报告,该物种被确认为鳄梨叶斑病的病原菌。
{"title":"Pseudoplagiostoma perseae sp. nov. causes leaf spot disease on avocado leaves in Taiwan","authors":"Chao-Jung Wu, Jin-Liang Chen, Shean-Shong Tzean, Hui-Fang Ni","doi":"10.1007/s10658-024-02921-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-024-02921-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Leaf spot disease is commonly found on leaves of avocado plants in avocado orchards in Taiwan. Needle-like spots with yellow halos appear on diseased avocado leaves at the incipient stage, and these spots gradually enlarge and become brown lesions with black-brown centers. The causal agent of this disease is unknown. A <i>Pseudoplagiostoma</i> species was isolated from these leaf spots. Evaluation of morphological traits and phylogenetic analysis using the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer operon, β-tubulin, and partial large subunit of ribosomal DNA markers identified this fungal species as a novel species, <i>Pseudoplagiostoma perseae</i> sp. nov. A pathogenicity test was conducted on three avocado cultivars, ‘Choquette’, ‘Hall’, and ‘Hung Shin Yuan’. After 2 weeks of inoculation, needle-like leaf spots appeared on all three cultivars, and <i>P. perseae</i> was re-isolated from the spots of all inoculated leaves, fulfilling Koch’s postulates. This is the first report describing the novel species <i>P. perseae</i>, which was validated as the causal agent of avocado leaf spot disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":12052,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Plant Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141863414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Both biotic and abiotic stress factors play an important role in reducing the growth and productivity of many crops. In this study, the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and biochar (Bc) were investigated against Verticillium dahliae (Vd) disease in pepper plants grown under salt stress. These effects were evaluated on enzyme activities, salt tolerance, disease severity, plant growth and physiological characteristics. In this study, pepper was treated with 2% biochar, Funneliformis mosseae (Fm), Vd and different concentrations of salt (0 mM, 50 mM, 100 mM, 150 mM). The interaction of Fm and 2% Bc significantly increased the morphological parameters of the plant and the plant tolerated salt and Vd under combined high stress conditions of biotic (Vd) and abiotic (salt) stresses. It was also shown that Fm had a different effect than Bc on the membrane injury index (MII; %) and had a significant effect on leaf relative water content (LRWC; %). In addition, Vd increased mycorrhizal reliance, with the higher spore density of AMF higher disease severity observed in treatments involving Fm and Fm + Bc. Furthermore, phenol and antioxidant values were altered in Vd treatments, while Fm decreased CAT enzyme activation. Therefore, this study supports that AMF + biochar used in sustainable agriculture increases plant resistance to the soil pathogen (V. dahliae) and the salt stresses.
生物和非生物胁迫因素在降低许多作物的生长和产量方面都起着重要作用。本研究调查了丛枝菌根真菌(AM)和生物炭(Bc)对盐胁迫下生长的辣椒植株的大丽轮枝菌(Vd)病害的影响。对酶活性、耐盐性、病害严重程度、植物生长和生理特性的影响进行了评估。在这项研究中,用 2% 的生物炭、Funneliformis mosseae(Fm)、Vd 和不同浓度的盐(0 mM、50 mM、100 mM、150 mM)处理辣椒。在生物胁迫(Vd)和非生物胁迫(盐)的联合高胁迫条件下,Fm 和 2% Bc 的相互作用显著提高了植物的形态参数,植物对盐和 Vd 的耐受性也得到了提高。研究还表明,Fm 对膜损伤指数(MII;%)的影响与 Bc 不同,对叶片相对含水量(LRWC;%)有明显影响。此外,Vd 增加了菌根的依赖性,在 Fm 和 Fm + Bc 处理中,AMF 孢子密度越高,病害严重程度越高。此外,Vd 处理中的酚和抗氧化剂值发生了变化,而 Fm 则降低了 CAT 酶的活化。因此,这项研究证明,在可持续农业中使用 AMF + 生物炭能增强植物对土壤病原体(大丽花病毒)和盐胁迫的抵抗力。
{"title":"The effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungal species Funneliformis mosseae and biochar against Verticillium dahliae in pepper plants under salt stress","authors":"Hasret Güneş, Semra Demir, Emre Demirer Durak, Gökhan Boyno","doi":"10.1007/s10658-024-02926-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-024-02926-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Both biotic and abiotic stress factors play an important role in reducing the growth and productivity of many crops. In this study, the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and biochar (Bc) were investigated against <i>Verticillium dahliae</i> (Vd) disease in pepper plants grown under salt stress. These effects were evaluated on enzyme activities, salt tolerance, disease severity, plant growth and physiological characteristics. In this study, pepper was treated with 2% biochar, <i>Funneliformis mosseae</i> (Fm), Vd and different concentrations of salt (0 mM, 50 mM, 100 mM, 150 mM). The interaction of Fm and 2% Bc significantly increased the morphological parameters of the plant and the plant tolerated salt and Vd under combined high stress conditions of biotic (Vd) and abiotic (salt) stresses. It was also shown that Fm had a different effect than Bc on the membrane injury index (MII; %) and had a significant effect on leaf relative water content (LRWC; %). In addition, Vd increased mycorrhizal reliance, with the higher spore density of AMF higher disease severity observed in treatments involving Fm and Fm + Bc. Furthermore, phenol and antioxidant values were altered in Vd treatments, while Fm decreased CAT enzyme activation. Therefore, this study supports that AMF + biochar used in sustainable agriculture increases plant resistance to the soil pathogen (<i>V. dahliae</i>) and the salt stresses.</p>","PeriodicalId":12052,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Plant Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141863416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Botrytis bunch rot or gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea, is a significant disease affecting grapevine clusters. While previous studies focused on leaf resistance, this research delves into the ultrastructural changes of grape inflorescence and fruit infected with Botrytis cinerea. Here, we investigated four grape varieties: a highly resistant Chinese wild grapevine, Vitis amurensis ‘Beibinghong’ (BH), a resistant grapevine, Vitis labrusca × Vitis vinifera ‘Shine Muscat’ (SM), a susceptible grapevine, Vitis vinifera ‘Daqing’ (DQ), and a highly susceptible Vitis vinifera ‘Red Globe’ (RG). Using light microscopy (LM), stereo microscope (SM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining of inoculated grape inflorescences and peels, we observed and compared the prevalence of B. cinerea infection in RG, DQ, SM, and BH, following the order: BH > SM > DQ > RG. After 72 h of inoculation, RG exhibited the highest mycelium count, accompanied by inflorescence and peel decay. In contrast, BH showed minimal mycelium on inflorescences and peels, maintaining a relatively intact epidermis. DAB staining of inflorescences revealed distinct H2O2 accumulation in susceptible varieties within 24 h of inoculation, whereas disease-resistant varieties showed minimal staining. Notably, highly resistant BH displayed H2O2 accumulation only after 72 h of inoculation. Overall, these results provide insights into the intricate interactions between the grape inflorescences, peels, and B. cinerea. Moreover, the study underscores the potential of highly resistant Chinese wild mountain grapes for developing new varieties with robust gray mold resistance.
{"title":"Comparative ultrastructural analysis of Botrytis cinerea infection in inflorescences and peels of grapevine varieties (Reveals organ-specific responses)","authors":"Hongyi Ma, Shan Li, Yulei Zhao, Denghui Ma, Xiao Yin","doi":"10.1007/s10658-024-02923-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-024-02923-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Botrytis bunch rot or gray mold caused by <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>, is a significant disease affecting grapevine clusters. While previous studies focused on leaf resistance, this research delves into the ultrastructural changes of grape inflorescence and fruit infected with <i>Botrytis cinerea.</i> Here, we investigated four grape varieties: a highly resistant Chinese wild grapevine, <i>Vitis amurensis</i> ‘Beibinghong’ (BH), a resistant grapevine, <i>Vitis labrusca</i> × <i>Vitis vinifera</i> ‘Shine Muscat’ (SM), a susceptible grapevine, <i>Vitis vinifera</i> ‘Daqing’ (DQ), and a highly susceptible <i>Vitis vinifera</i> ‘Red Globe’ (RG). Using light microscopy (LM), stereo microscope (SM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining of inoculated grape inflorescences and peels, we observed and compared the prevalence of <i>B. cinerea</i> infection in RG, DQ, SM, and BH, following the order: BH > SM > DQ > RG. After 72 h of inoculation, RG exhibited the highest mycelium count, accompanied by inflorescence and peel decay. In contrast, BH showed minimal mycelium on inflorescences and peels, maintaining a relatively intact epidermis. DAB staining of inflorescences revealed distinct H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> accumulation in susceptible varieties within 24 h of inoculation, whereas disease-resistant varieties showed minimal staining. Notably, highly resistant BH displayed H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> accumulation only after 72 h of inoculation. Overall, these results provide insights into the intricate interactions between the grape inflorescences, peels, and <i>B. cinerea</i>. Moreover, the study underscores the potential of highly resistant Chinese wild mountain grapes for developing new varieties with robust gray mold resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":12052,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Plant Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141772592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.1007/s10658-024-02907-z
Abdelhadi A. I. Ali, Samir A. Mahgoub, Atef F. Ahmed, Walid F. A. Mosa, Mohamed T. El-Saadony, Mazhar D. A. Mohamed, Maryam M. Alomran, Hawazen K. Al-Gheffari, Khaled A. El-Tarabily, Synan F. AbuQamar, Ramadan M. El-Ashry
The present investigation was designed to assess how administering biocontrol agents (BCAs) made from the nematophagous endophytic fungus MR20 (Purpureocillium lilacinum) or a mixture of endophytic plant growth-promoting bacteria MR12 (Pseudomonas fluorescens), and MR25 (Serratia marcescens), could enhance tomato growth and resistance to Meloidogyne incognita under in vivo conditions. The three strains’ cell-free culture filtrates showed a strong nematocidal impact (P < 0.05) on M. incognita infective second-stage juveniles (J2s). The highest mortality rates by the three BCAs were at concentrations of 80%, followed by 60%, 40%, and 20%. The in vitro hatching of free eggs was found to be considerably (P < 0.05) reduced as the concentrations of the endophytic bacteria MR12, and MR25 were increased in the order 1 × 105, 1 × 106, 1 × 107, 0.5 × 108, to 1 × 108 colony forming units (CFU)/mL, and the maximum nematicidal activity in killing M. incognita free eggs occurred at 1 × 108 CFU/mL. A statistically significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the percentage of M. incognita-free eggs retrieved was seen in vitro when various concentrations of the endophytic fungus MR20 were applied compared to the negative control (distilled water). The endophytic fungus MR20 had the highest nematicidal activity against M. incognita free eggs at a concentration of 3 × 106 CFU/mL. The application of P. lilacinum or a combination of P. fluorescens and S. marcescens to tomato plants in the presence of M. incognita under greenhouse conditions resulted in a significant increase (P < 0.05) in root and shoot fresh weight, number of leaves, weight of leaves, and stem diameter when compared to the positive control treatment that contained only M. incognita. Treatment with P. lilacinum was more effective (P < 0.05) than P. fluorescens and S. marcescens in reducing egg masses per root, J2s per 100 g of soil, egg masses per 100 g of soil, J2s + eggs of M. incognita per 100 g of soil, reproduction factor, and reduction percentage after 60 days under greenhouse conditions. Nevertheless, the reduction of M. incognita gall size categorization (> 4 mm, 2–4 mm, and < 2 mm) was more effectively achieved by treatment with P. fluorescens and S. marcescens than by treatment with P. lilacinum. Under in vivo conditions, the tested P. lilacinum or a mixture of P. fluorescens and S. marcescens effectively controlled nematode population densities below the economic threshold.
本研究旨在评估在体内条件下施用由食线虫内生真菌 MR20(紫云英真菌)或内生植物生长促进菌 MR12(荧光假单胞菌)和 MR25(肉质沙雷氏菌)混合物制成的生物控制剂(BCA)如何提高西红柿的生长和对 Meloidogyne incognita 的抗性。这三种菌株的无细胞培养滤液对 M. incognita 感染的第二阶段幼虫(J2s)有很强的杀线虫作用(P < 0.05)。浓度为 80% 时,三种 BCAs 的死亡率最高,其次是 60%、40% 和 20%。随着内生细菌 MR12 和 MR25 的浓度按 1 × 105、1 × 106、1 × 107、0.5 × 108 到 1 × 108 菌落总数形成单位(CFU)/毫升的顺序增加,游离卵的体外孵化率显著降低(P < 0.05),杀灭 M. incognita 游离卵的最大杀线虫活性出现在 1 × 108 菌落总数形成单位/毫升时。与阴性对照组(蒸馏水)相比,在体外施用不同浓度的内生真菌 MR20 时,无 M. incognita虫卵的回收率出现了统计学意义上的显著下降(P < 0.05)。当内生真菌 MR20 的浓度为 3 × 106 CFU/mL 时,它对 M. incognita 游离卵的杀线虫活性最高。在温室条件下,在有 M. incognita 存在的番茄植株上施用 P. lilacinum 或 P. fluorescens 和 S. marcescens 的组合,与只含有 M. incognita 的阳性对照处理相比,根和芽的鲜重、叶片数、叶片重量和茎的直径都有显著增加(P < 0.05)。在温室条件下,60 天后,在减少每根卵块、每 100 克土壤中的 J2s、每 100 克土壤中的卵块、每 100 克土壤中的 J2s + M. incognita 的卵、繁殖系数和减少率方面,用 P. lilacinum 处理比 P. fluorescens 和 S. marcescens 更有效(P <0.05)。然而,与 P. lilacinum 相比,使用 P. fluorescens 和 S. marcescens 处理更能有效减少 M. incognita 的虫瘿大小分类(> 4 mm、2-4 mm 和 < 2 mm)。在体内条件下,经测试的 P. lilacinum 或 P. fluorescens 与 S. marcescens 的混合物可有效控制线虫种群密度,使其低于经济阈值。
{"title":"Utilizing endophytic plant growth-promoting bacteria and the nematophagous fungus Purpureocillium lilacinum as biocontrol agents against the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) on tomato plants","authors":"Abdelhadi A. I. Ali, Samir A. Mahgoub, Atef F. Ahmed, Walid F. A. Mosa, Mohamed T. El-Saadony, Mazhar D. A. Mohamed, Maryam M. Alomran, Hawazen K. Al-Gheffari, Khaled A. El-Tarabily, Synan F. AbuQamar, Ramadan M. El-Ashry","doi":"10.1007/s10658-024-02907-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-024-02907-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present investigation was designed to assess how administering biocontrol agents (BCAs) made from the nematophagous endophytic fungus MR20 (<i>Purpureocillium lilacinum</i>) or a mixture of endophytic plant growth-promoting bacteria MR12 (<i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i>), and MR25 (<i>Serratia marcescens</i>), could enhance tomato growth and resistance to <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i> under <i>in vivo</i> conditions. The three strains’ cell-free culture filtrates showed a strong nematocidal impact (<i>P</i> < 0.05) on <i>M. incognita</i> infective second-stage juveniles (J2s). The highest mortality rates by the three BCAs were at concentrations of 80%, followed by 60%, 40%, and 20%. The <i>in vitro</i> hatching of free eggs was found to be considerably (<i>P</i> < 0.05) reduced as the concentrations of the endophytic bacteria MR12, and MR25 were increased in the order 1 × 10<sup>5</sup>, 1 × 10<sup>6</sup>, 1 × 10<sup>7</sup>, 0.5 × 10<sup>8</sup>, to 1 × 10<sup>8</sup> colony forming units (CFU)/mL, and the maximum nematicidal activity in killing <i>M. incognita</i> free eggs occurred at 1 × 10<sup>8</sup> CFU/mL. A statistically significant (<i>P</i> < 0.05) reduction in the percentage of <i>M. incognita</i>-free eggs retrieved was seen <i>in vitro</i> when various concentrations of the endophytic fungus MR20 were applied compared to the negative control (distilled water). The endophytic fungus MR20 had the highest nematicidal activity against <i>M. incognita</i> free eggs at a concentration of 3 × 10<sup>6</sup> CFU/mL. The application of <i>P. lilacinum</i> or a combination of <i>P. fluorescens</i> and <i>S. marcescens</i> to tomato plants in the presence of <i>M. incognita</i> under greenhouse conditions resulted in a significant increase (<i>P</i> < 0.05) in root and shoot fresh weight, number of leaves, weight of leaves, and stem diameter when compared to the positive control treatment that contained only <i>M. incognita</i>. Treatment with <i>P. lilacinum</i> was more effective (<i>P</i> < 0.05) than <i>P. fluorescens</i> and <i>S. marcescens</i> in reducing egg masses per root, J2s per 100 g of soil, egg masses per 100 g of soil, J2s + eggs of <i>M. incognita</i> per 100 g of soil, reproduction factor, and reduction percentage after 60 days under greenhouse conditions. Nevertheless, the reduction of <i>M. incognita</i> gall size categorization (> 4 mm, 2–4 mm, and < 2 mm) was more effectively achieved by treatment with <i>P. fluorescens</i> and <i>S. marcescens</i> than by treatment with <i>P. lilacinum</i>. Under <i>in vivo</i> conditions, the tested <i>P. lilacinum</i> or a mixture of <i>P. fluorescens</i> and <i>S. marcescens</i> effectively controlled nematode population densities below the economic threshold.</p>","PeriodicalId":12052,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Plant Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141772558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-24DOI: 10.1007/s10658-024-02925-x
Maria Cristiane Pereira Sousa, Maria Selma Alves Silva Diamantino, Camila Santiago Hohenfeld, Cristiana Bomfim Moreira Vidal, Saulo Alves Santos de Oliveira
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is a major staple food in many developing countries, including Brazil. However, it faces significant challenges due to diseases such as dry root rot (DRR) and black root rot (BRR) caused by soil-borne plant pathogenic fungi. This study explored the use of cover crops to suppress these diseases and to improve the agronomic traits of cassava. Over four cultivation cycles, various cover crops (sunn hemp, black oat, jack bean, maize, peanut and cowpea) were alternated with cassava varieties 'BRS Kiriris' (resistant) and 'BRS Formosa' (susceptible) in soil infested with DRR (Fusarium oxysporum, F. equiseti, F. verticillioides, F. solani, F. lateritium, F. chlamydosporum) and BRR (Lasiodiplodia theobramae, Neoscytalidium dimidiatum) pathogens. In the 2nd cycle, only germination showed significant differences, but by the 4th cycle, various agronomic parameters, including fresh weight (FW.AP), dry weight (DW.AP) of the aerial part, fresh weight (FW.Root), dry weight (DW.Root) of the roots, and plant vigor. Cowpea was identified as the most effective cover crop for reducing the disease index (DI %) by promoting healthier and taller cassava plants. Jack beans and peanuts also had positive effects on vigor, FW.AP, DW.AP, FW.root, and DW.root. In contrast, maize, black oats, Crotalaria ochroleuca, cassava, and fallow soils had minimal impacts. Throughout these cycles, the selected cover crops consistently contributed to disease reduction and improved the agronomic performance of the cassava. This study highlights the potential of holistic disease management strategies.
{"title":"Effect of cover crops on the suppressiveness of root rot and on the agronomic performance of cassava","authors":"Maria Cristiane Pereira Sousa, Maria Selma Alves Silva Diamantino, Camila Santiago Hohenfeld, Cristiana Bomfim Moreira Vidal, Saulo Alves Santos de Oliveira","doi":"10.1007/s10658-024-02925-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-024-02925-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cassava (<i>Manihot esculenta</i> Crantz) is a major staple food in many developing countries, including Brazil. However, it faces significant challenges due to diseases such as dry root rot (DRR) and black root rot (BRR) caused by soil-borne plant pathogenic fungi. This study explored the use of cover crops to suppress these diseases and to improve the agronomic traits of cassava. Over four cultivation cycles, various cover crops (sunn hemp, black oat, jack bean, maize, peanut and cowpea) were alternated with cassava varieties 'BRS Kiriris' (resistant) and 'BRS Formosa' (susceptible) in soil infested with DRR (<i>Fusarium oxysporum</i>, <i>F. equiseti</i>, <i>F. verticillioides</i>, <i>F. solani</i>, <i>F. lateritium, F. chlamydosporum)</i> and BRR (<i>Lasiodiplodia theobramae</i><i>, </i><i>Neoscytalidium dimidiatum)</i> pathogens. In the 2nd cycle, only germination showed significant differences, but by the 4th cycle, various agronomic parameters, including fresh weight (FW.AP), dry weight (DW.AP) of the aerial part, fresh weight (FW.Root), dry weight (DW.Root) of the roots, and plant vigor. Cowpea was identified as the most effective cover crop for reducing the disease index (DI %) by promoting healthier and taller cassava plants. Jack beans and peanuts also had positive effects on vigor, FW.AP, DW.AP, FW.root, and DW.root. In contrast, maize, black oats, <i>Crotalaria ochroleuca</i>, cassava, and fallow soils had minimal impacts. Throughout these cycles, the selected cover crops consistently contributed to disease reduction and improved the agronomic performance of the cassava. This study highlights the potential of holistic disease management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12052,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Plant Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141772580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-23DOI: 10.1007/s10658-024-02920-2
Jianjun Wang, Ruochen Zhang, Hongshan Deng, Xueqin Han, Xuekai Wei, Malik Kamran, James F. White, Guiqin Zhao, Chunjie Li
Pseudomonas syringae pv. coronafaciens (Ps-c) is a pathogenic bacterium species that can be found in agricultural environments and causes diseases in plants. During a survey in 2019–2020 of different areas, bacterial halo blight (BHB) caused by Ps-c in oat (Avena sativa L.) was observed in many oat fields in Huan county, Gansu Province of China. Average leaf disease incidence was approximately 1 to 14%. The symptoms of BHB were mainly observed on leaves of oat and appeared as white to yellow streaks. After 20–30 d, the streaks became yellow necrotic lesions and spread over whole leaves, eventually causing leaves to wilt and senesce. Symptomatic leaves of affected oats were collected to investigate the etiology of BHB disease. A group of 32 bacterial isolates (HK7) phenotypically similar were isolated from the necrotic lesion margins. Pathogenicity tests of this group of isolates by wounding and injection demonstrated that the symptoms induced by them on oat were similar to those observed in the field. HK7 isolates were identified as Ps-c based on Biolog Gen III MicroStation, morphological, physiological and biochemical characterization, 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequence analysis, which compared with a reference strain (Ps-c ATCC 19608). Furthermore, Ps-c was host specific. After inoculation of Ps-c on A. sativa (B7) and A. nuda (B2) in greenhouse by Completely Randomized Design (CRD), number of tillers, plant height, flag-leaf length, flag-leaf width, fresh weight, dry weight, panicle length, grains per spike, reproductive branche number and thousand grains weight of infected oat decreased by 19.44%, 11.49%, 11.34%, 9.23%, 11.61%, 7.57%, 6.11%, 9.73%, 9.31% and 4.15% compared with that of healthy oat, respectively. BHB (Ps-c) is a new bacterial disease on oat in China and has a negative effect on plant growth, forage and grain yield of oat, and these negative effects increased with the increase of disease severity.
Pseudomonas syringae pv. coronafaciens(Ps-c)是一种可在农业环境中发现并引起植物病害的病原菌。在2019-2020年对不同地区的调查中,中国甘肃省环县的许多燕麦田都观察到了由Ps-c引起的燕麦(Avena sativa L.)细菌性晕斑病(BHB)。叶片病害的平均发生率约为 1%至 14%。BHB 的症状主要出现在燕麦叶片上,表现为白色至黄色条纹。20-30 d 后,条纹变为黄色坏死病斑并蔓延至整个叶片,最终导致叶片枯萎和衰老。为了研究 BHB 病的病因,我们收集了受害燕麦的症状叶片。从坏死病变边缘分离出一组 32 个表型相似的细菌分离物(HK7)。通过伤口和注射对这组分离物进行的致病性测试表明,它们在燕麦上诱发的症状与在田间观察到的症状相似。根据 Biolog Gen III MicroStation、形态学、生理学和生物化学特征、16S rRNA 和 gyrB 基因序列分析,并与参考菌株(Ps-c ATCC 19608)进行比较,确定 HK7 分离物为 Ps-c。此外,Ps-c 还具有宿主特异性。通过完全随机设计(CRD)将 Ps-c 接种到温室中的 A. sativa(B7)和 A. nuda(B2)上后,受感染燕麦的分蘖数、株高、旗叶长、旗叶宽、鲜重、干重、圆锥花序长、每穗粒数、生殖分枝数和千粒重分别减少了 19.44%、11.49%、11.49% 和 19.44%。与健康燕麦相比,分别减少了 19.44%、11.49%、11.34%、9.23%、11.61%、7.57%、6.11%、9.73%、9.31% 和 4.15%。BHB(Ps-c)是中国燕麦上一种新的细菌性病害,对燕麦的植株生长、饲料和谷物产量均有负面影响,且这些负面影响随着病害严重程度的增加而增加。
{"title":"Pseudomonas syringae pv. coronafaciens, causing a new bacterial halo blight disease on oat (Avena sativa L.) in China","authors":"Jianjun Wang, Ruochen Zhang, Hongshan Deng, Xueqin Han, Xuekai Wei, Malik Kamran, James F. White, Guiqin Zhao, Chunjie Li","doi":"10.1007/s10658-024-02920-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-024-02920-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> pv. <i>coronafaciens</i> (<i>Ps-c</i>) is a pathogenic bacterium species that can be found in agricultural environments and causes diseases in plants. During a survey in 2019–2020 of different areas, bacterial halo blight (BHB) caused by <i>Ps-c</i> in oat (<i>Avena sativa</i> L.) was observed in many oat fields in Huan county, Gansu Province of China. Average leaf disease incidence was approximately 1 to 14%. The symptoms of BHB were mainly observed on leaves of oat and appeared as white to yellow streaks. After 20–30 d, the streaks became yellow necrotic lesions and spread over whole leaves, eventually causing leaves to wilt and senesce. Symptomatic leaves of affected oats were collected to investigate the etiology of BHB disease. A group of 32 bacterial isolates (HK7) phenotypically similar were isolated from the necrotic lesion margins. Pathogenicity tests of this group of isolates by wounding and injection demonstrated that the symptoms induced by them on oat were similar to those observed in the field. HK7 isolates were identified as <i>Ps-c</i> based on Biolog Gen III MicroStation, morphological, physiological and biochemical characterization, 16S rRNA and <i>gyr</i>B gene sequence analysis, which compared with a reference strain (<i>Ps-c</i> ATCC 19608). Furthermore, <i>Ps-c</i> was host specific. After inoculation of <i>Ps-c</i> on <i>A. sativa</i> (B7) and <i>A. nuda</i> (B2) in greenhouse by Completely Randomized Design (CRD), number of tillers, plant height, flag-leaf length, flag-leaf width, fresh weight, dry weight, panicle length, grains per spike, reproductive branche number and thousand grains weight of infected oat decreased by 19.44%, 11.49%, 11.34%, 9.23%, 11.61%, 7.57%, 6.11%, 9.73%, 9.31% and 4.15% compared with that of healthy oat, respectively. BHB (<i>Ps-c</i>) is a new bacterial disease on oat in China and has a negative effect on plant growth, forage and grain yield of oat, and these negative effects increased with the increase of disease severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":12052,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Plant Pathology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141772581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}