Filip Adam Dorau, Alessandro Sommer, Jan Koloch, Richard Röß-Ohlenroth, Markus Schreiber, Maximilian Neuner, Kareem Abo Gamra, Yilei Lin, Jan Schöberl, Philip Bilfinger, Sophie Grabmann, Benedikt Stumper, Leon Katzenmeier, Markus Lienkamp and Rüdiger Daub
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引用次数: 0
摘要
考虑到智能电网技术对广泛储能解决方案的需求日益增长,以及入门级电动汽车的经济实惠,钠离子电池提供了一种前景广阔的替代方案。与锂离子电池相比,钠离子电池使用的原材料更便宜、毒性更低、资源更丰富,因此特别适合大规模应用。本研究全面调查了四种市售钠离子电池,以研究其结构和电化学特性。研究人员解剖了电池,并使用扫描电子显微镜、能量色散 X 射线光谱仪、粉末 X 射线衍射仪和衰减全反射傅立叶变换红外光谱仪分析了电极尺寸、平均质量负载和材料成分。电学表征包括电化学阻抗光谱、不同环境温度下高达 6 C 的 C 速率测试以及循环老化研究,这些研究有助于深入了解电池的性能和降解机制。研究结果突显了不同电池在电极涂层、颗粒大小和阴极材料方面的差异,这些差异又与电池的电学行为相关联。这凸显了保持钠离子电池性能的挑战,尤其是在低温条件下。这项研究旨在为钠离子电池技术的学术和工业研究建立一个全面的知识库。
Comprehensive Analysis of Commercial Sodium-Ion Batteries: Structural and Electrochemical Insights
Considering the growing need for extensive energy storage solutions in smart grid technologies and affordable options for entry-level electric vehicles, sodium-ion batteries offer a promising alternative. They use raw materials that are cheaper, less toxic, and more abundant than those used in lithium-ion batteries, making them especially suitable for large-scale applications. This study comprehensively investigated four commercially available sodium-ion batteries to examine their structural and electrochemical characteristics. The cells were dissected, and the electrode dimensions, the areal mass loadings, and the material compositions were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, and attenuated total reflection Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Electrical characterization, including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, C-rate testing up to 6 C under different ambient temperatures, along with cyclic aging studies, provided insights into the cells’ performance and degradation mechanisms. The findings highlighted variations in electrode coatings, particle sizes, and cathode materials among the cells, which were then correlated with their electrical behavior. This emphasized the challenges in maintaining sodium-ion battery performance, especially at low temperatures. This study was designed to establish a comprehensive knowledge base for both academic and industrial research in sodium-ion battery technology.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of The Electrochemical Society (JES) is the leader in the field of solid-state and electrochemical science and technology. This peer-reviewed journal publishes an average of 450 pages of 70 articles each month. Articles are posted online, with a monthly paper edition following electronic publication. The ECS membership benefits package includes access to the electronic edition of this journal.