用小型航天器寻找行星九:三体效应、后牛顿效应、非引力效应、行星效应和柯伊伯带效应

IF 3.1 2区 物理与天体物理 Q1 ENGINEERING, AEROSPACE Acta Astronautica Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI:10.1016/j.actaastro.2024.09.020
Sahin Ulas Koprucu , Bayram Tekin
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引用次数: 0

摘要

为了解释柯伊伯带天体意外聚集的现象,有人提出了太阳系外的一个假想引力体,即所谓的九号行星。由于它还没有被望远镜观测到,人们猜测它是一个原始黑洞(五角星大小),可以通过激光发射或太阳帆航行的方式探测到许多小型航天器的引力。在这里,我们将对影响搜寻九号行星的各个方面进行研究。我们的基本观测指标是小型航天器轨迹的角位移,它主要受到九号行星引力的影响,同时还受到其他一些三体效应、非引力效应、后牛顿效应、行星效应和柯伊伯带效应的影响。首先,我们在太阳-九号行星-航天器的圆形受限三体问题框架内,针对两个特定的初始条件计算太阳的影响。然后,我们研究柯伊伯带和外行星(即木星、土星、天王星和海王星)的影响,以及非引力扰动,如星际介质施加的磁力和阻力,以及太阳辐射压力。此外,我们还研究了对航天器轨迹的后牛顿广义相对论效应,如框架拖曳、施瓦兹柴尔德效应和大地前倾。我们的研究表明,在航天器速度较低时,角位移的主要原因是太阳辐射压力,而在航天器速度较高时,角位移的主要原因是阻力。在广义相对论效应中,框架拖曳效应的影响最小;太阳的施瓦兹柴尔德效应的影响最大。然而,没有一个广义相对论效应对探测产生有意义的贡献。
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A search for Planet Nine with small spacecraft: Three-body, post-Newtonian, non-gravitational, planetary and Kuiper Belt effects

A hypothetical gravitating body in the outer Solar System, the so-called Planet Nine, was proposed to explain the unexpected clustering of the Kuiper Belt Objects. As it has not been observed via telescopes, it was conjectured to be a primordial black hole (of the size of a quince) that could be gravitationally detected by laser-launching or solar sailing many small spacecraft. Here, we study various aspects that will affect such a search for Planet Nine. Our basic observable is the angular displacement in the trajectory of a small spacecraft which will be mainly affected by the gravity of Planet Nine, augmented with several other 3-body, non-gravitational, post-Newtonian, planetary and Kuiper Belt effects. First, we calculate the effect of the Sun in the framework of the circular restricted three-body problem of the Sun–Planet Nine-spacecraft for the two particular initial conditions. Then, we study the effects of Kuiper Belt and outer planets, namely Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, as well as non-gravitational perturbations such as magnetic and drag forces exerted by the interstellar medium; and the solar radiation pressure. In addition, we investigate the post-Newtonian general relativistic effects such as the frame-dragging, Schwarzschild effect, and geodetic precession on the spacecraft trajectory. We show that the leading order angular displacement is due to the solar radiation pressure for the lower spacecraft velocities, and the drag force for the higher spacecraft velocities. Among the general relativistic effects, the frame-dragging has the smallest effect; and the Schwarzschild effect due to Sun has the largest effect. However, none of the general relativistic effects produces a meaningful contribution to the detection.

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来源期刊
Acta Astronautica
Acta Astronautica 工程技术-工程:宇航
CiteScore
7.20
自引率
22.90%
发文量
599
审稿时长
53 days
期刊介绍: Acta Astronautica is sponsored by the International Academy of Astronautics. Content is based on original contributions in all fields of basic, engineering, life and social space sciences and of space technology related to: The peaceful scientific exploration of space, Its exploitation for human welfare and progress, Conception, design, development and operation of space-borne and Earth-based systems, In addition to regular issues, the journal publishes selected proceedings of the annual International Astronautical Congress (IAC), transactions of the IAA and special issues on topics of current interest, such as microgravity, space station technology, geostationary orbits, and space economics. Other subject areas include satellite technology, space transportation and communications, space energy, power and propulsion, astrodynamics, extraterrestrial intelligence and Earth observations.
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