{"title":"关于自我、他人和世界变化感知的灵活阈值理论。","authors":"Ed O'Brien","doi":"10.1037/rev0000490","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>I propose a flexible threshold theory of change perception in self and social judgment. Traditionally, change perception is viewed as a basic cognitive process entailing the act of discriminating informational differences. This article takes a more dynamic view of change perception, highlighting people's motivations in interpreting those differences. Specifically, I propose people's change perceptions depend not only on the salience and quality of the evidence for change but they also depend on the adaptation implications of the change, as people are sensitive to whether their prompted response would be worth it. Variables that exacerbate perceived adaptation implications should thus lead people to contract their change perception thresholds (people should become less open to concluding things have changed and so less likely to act), while variables that alleviate perceived adaptation implications should thus lead people to expand their change perception thresholds (people should become more open to concluding things have changed and so more likely to act), all else equal in the evidence. Moreover, these effects should emerge for perceiving declines and improvements alike so long as change bears on adaptation implications. I review support for these proposals and use the theory to generate novel predictions, contributions, and applications. The theory can explain anew why people respond (or fail to respond) to changing climates and economies, worsening personal health, growing social progress, and many other self and social phenomena. Change perception is more than an act of discriminating differences-it also entails people's threshold judgments of whether and how these differences matter. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":21016,"journal":{"name":"Psychological review","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"A flexible threshold theory of change perception in self, others, and the world.\",\"authors\":\"Ed O'Brien\",\"doi\":\"10.1037/rev0000490\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>I propose a flexible threshold theory of change perception in self and social judgment. Traditionally, change perception is viewed as a basic cognitive process entailing the act of discriminating informational differences. This article takes a more dynamic view of change perception, highlighting people's motivations in interpreting those differences. Specifically, I propose people's change perceptions depend not only on the salience and quality of the evidence for change but they also depend on the adaptation implications of the change, as people are sensitive to whether their prompted response would be worth it. Variables that exacerbate perceived adaptation implications should thus lead people to contract their change perception thresholds (people should become less open to concluding things have changed and so less likely to act), while variables that alleviate perceived adaptation implications should thus lead people to expand their change perception thresholds (people should become more open to concluding things have changed and so more likely to act), all else equal in the evidence. Moreover, these effects should emerge for perceiving declines and improvements alike so long as change bears on adaptation implications. I review support for these proposals and use the theory to generate novel predictions, contributions, and applications. The theory can explain anew why people respond (or fail to respond) to changing climates and economies, worsening personal health, growing social progress, and many other self and social phenomena. Change perception is more than an act of discriminating differences-it also entails people's threshold judgments of whether and how these differences matter. 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引用次数: 0
摘要
我提出了一种关于自我和社会判断中变化感知的灵活阈值理论。传统上,变化感知被视为一种基本的认知过程,包含对信息差异的辨别行为。本文从更动态的角度来看待变化感知,强调人们在解释这些差异时的动机。具体来说,我认为人们的变化感知不仅取决于变化证据的显著性和质量,而且还取决于变化的适应影响,因为人们对自己的提示反应是否值得很敏感。因此,在其他证据相同的情况下,加剧所感知的适应影响的变量应导致人们收缩其变化感知阈值(人们应更不愿意得出事情已经发生变化的结论,因此更不可能采取行动),而减轻所感知的适应影响的变量应导致人们扩大其变化感知阈值(人们应更愿意得出事情已经发生变化的结论,因此更可能采取行动)。此外,只要变化对适应有影响,这些效应就会出现在对下降和改善的感知上。我回顾了对这些建议的支持,并利用该理论提出了新的预测、贡献和应用。该理论可以重新解释为什么人们会对不断变化的气候和经济、不断恶化的个人健康、不断增长的社会进步以及许多其他自我和社会现象做出反应(或不做出反应)。变化感知不仅仅是一种辨别差异的行为--它还包括人们对这些差异是否重要以及如何重要的阈值判断。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, 版权所有)。
A flexible threshold theory of change perception in self, others, and the world.
I propose a flexible threshold theory of change perception in self and social judgment. Traditionally, change perception is viewed as a basic cognitive process entailing the act of discriminating informational differences. This article takes a more dynamic view of change perception, highlighting people's motivations in interpreting those differences. Specifically, I propose people's change perceptions depend not only on the salience and quality of the evidence for change but they also depend on the adaptation implications of the change, as people are sensitive to whether their prompted response would be worth it. Variables that exacerbate perceived adaptation implications should thus lead people to contract their change perception thresholds (people should become less open to concluding things have changed and so less likely to act), while variables that alleviate perceived adaptation implications should thus lead people to expand their change perception thresholds (people should become more open to concluding things have changed and so more likely to act), all else equal in the evidence. Moreover, these effects should emerge for perceiving declines and improvements alike so long as change bears on adaptation implications. I review support for these proposals and use the theory to generate novel predictions, contributions, and applications. The theory can explain anew why people respond (or fail to respond) to changing climates and economies, worsening personal health, growing social progress, and many other self and social phenomena. Change perception is more than an act of discriminating differences-it also entails people's threshold judgments of whether and how these differences matter. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
期刊介绍:
Psychological Review publishes articles that make important theoretical contributions to any area of scientific psychology, including systematic evaluation of alternative theories.