对一名全膝关节置换术后的前铁人三项运动员使用血流限制疗法:病例报告。

IF 1.6 Q3 SPORT SCIENCES International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy Pub Date : 2024-09-01 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.26603/001c.122488
Christopher Keating, Stephanie Muth, Cameron Hui, Lisa T Hoglund
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引用次数: 0

摘要

简介和目的:膝关节骨性关节炎(OA)是一种常见疾病,会限制患者的功能并降低生活质量。全膝关节置换术(TKA)是一种外科手术,通过置换关节表面来解决膝关节 OA 引起的解剖学变化。全膝关节置换术可改善症状和功能,但术后损伤也很常见,包括股四头肌力量减弱。血流限制(BFR)可能是 TKA 术后患者的一个可行选择,因为与传统的力量训练相比,它能以最小的关节负荷提高力量。本病例报告旨在通过疼痛测量、定量感觉测试、患者报告结果测量、体能测试以及肌力和力量测试,描述血流限制对 TKA 术后患者的影响,以探讨潜在的治疗效果,并为今后的研究确定潜在的反应预测因素:一名 49 岁的前铁人三项女运动员,曾有膝关节损伤和关节镜手术史,接受了右侧 TKA 手术,由于疼痛、活动范围(ROM)受限以及负重活动时膝关节不稳定,她寻求物理治疗(PT)。物理治疗干预包括徒手治疗、步态训练和家庭计划。尽管参加了有指导的 PT,但她在 TKA 术后 16 周仍有持续疼痛、活动范围受限和肌肉无力的症状。术后16周,她将BFR纳入了家庭计划。简表麦吉尔疼痛问卷-2(SF-MPQ-2)和数字疼痛评定量表(NPRS)用于测量疼痛。定量感觉测试包括压痛阈值(PPT)和两点辨别率(TPD),用于测量感觉知觉的变化。评估患者身体功能感知的患者报告结果指标包括膝关节损伤和骨关节炎结果评分(KOOS)和KOOS-关节置换(KOOS-JR)。体能通过 30 秒快速行走测试 (30SFW)、定时爬楼梯测试 (SCT)、30 秒椅子站立测试 (CST) 和定时起立行走测试 (TUG) 进行测量。膝关节活动度通过标准动态关节角度计进行评估。膝关节伸肌和屈肌的肌力和力量通过仪器测力计进行等动和等长测试,并生成肢体对称性指数(LSI):结果:疼痛和定量感觉测试取得了有临床意义的改善,表明在使用 BFR 期间和之后敏感性降低。患者的身体功能和症状明显改善,尤其是在体育和娱乐活动中,KOOS 而非 KOOS-JR 最能反映出这一点。使用 BFR 后,步行速度、椅子站立重复次数和定时爬楼梯测试中的体能表现都有了有临床意义的改善。根据 LSI 测定,与未受累腿相比,BFR 后膝关节伸肌和屈肌的等动和等长力量显著增加:在本病例中,BFR 似乎是一种安全且耐受性良好的干预措施。讨论:在这个病例中,BFR 似乎是一种安全且耐受性良好的干预措施,其结果表明,在增加功能、力量、功率和减少疼痛方面,该特定患者在接受 TKA 后可能会受益。全面的疼痛和感觉评估以及临床测量可帮助确定适合在 TKA 术后进行 BFR 的患者。与KOOS-JR相比,KOOS-Sport & Recreation子量表在监测功能恢复方面的反应可能更灵敏,这可能与受试者的运动背景有关:4.
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Utilization of Blood Flow Restriction Therapy with a Former Triathlete After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Case Report.

Introduction and purpose: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a common condition that limits function and reduces quality of life. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a surgical procedure that replaces the joint surfaces to address anatomical changes due to knee OA. While TKA improves symptoms and function, postoperative impairments are common, including reduced quadriceps strength. Blood flow restriction (BFR) may be a viable option for patients following TKA, as it can improve strength with a minimal amount of joint loading compared to traditional strength training. The purpose of this case report is to describe the impact of BFR use in an individual after TKA, employing pain measurements, quantitative sensory testing, patient-reported outcome measures, physical performance tests, and muscle strength and power testing to explore potential treatment effects and identify potential predictors of response for future studies.

Case description: A 49-year-old former female triathlete with a history of knee injury and arthroscopic surgery underwent a right TKA and sought physical therapy (PT) due to pain, limited range of motion (ROM), and knee instability during weight bearing activity. PT interventions included manual therapy, gait training, and a home program. Despite participating in supervised PT, she had persistent pain, ROM deficits, and muscle weakness 16 weeks following TKA. BFR was incorporated into her home program, 16-weeks postoperatively. The Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire-2 (SF-MPQ-2) and Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) were used to measure pain. Quantitative sensory testing included pressure pain threshold (PPT) and two-point discrimination (TPD) to measure change in sensory perception. Patient-reported outcome measures to assess perceived physical function were the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and the KOOS- Joint Replacement (KOOS-JR). Physical performance was measured through the 30-second fast walk test (30SFW), timed stair climb test (SCT), 30-second chair standing test (CST), and the timed up and go (TUG). Knee ROM was assessed through standard goniometry. Knee extensor and flexor muscle strength and power were measured with an instrumented dynamometer for isokinetic and isometric testing, generating a limb symmetry index (LSI).

Outcomes: Pain and quantitative sensory testing achieved clinically meaningful improvement suggesting reduced sensitivity during and after BFR utilization. Perceived physical function and symptoms significantly improved, particularly in sports and recreation activities, and were best captured in the KOOS, not the KOOS-JR. Physical performance reached clinically meaningful improvement in walking speed, chair stand repetitions, and timed stair climb tests after BFR. Isokinetic and isometric strength and power in knee extensors and flexors increased significantly after BFR compared to the uninvolved leg as determined by LSI.

Discussion: In this case, BFR appeared to be a safe and well-tolerated intervention. The results suggest potential benefits in terms of increased function, strength, power, and reduced pain in this specific person after TKA. Comprehensive pain and sensory assessments alongside clinical measures may help identify suitable patients for BFR after TKA. The KOOS-Sport & Recreation subscale may be more responsive to monitor functional recovery compared to the KOOS-JR, possibly due to the subject's athletic background.

Level of evidence: 4.

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