{"title":"使用各向同性混合物对在极寒气候条件下运行的住宅热泵进行性能评估","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.018","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extremely cold climates subject residential heat pumps to significant temperature differences between the heat source and the ambient being heated, which may lead to system failure and reduced compressor performance. The present study considers the possibility of improving the performance of heat pump systems that are simultaneously used for residential space and domestic water heating while subjected to climates varying from -25 °C to 5 °C by exploring the use of zeotropic mixtures. CO<sub>2</sub>-based binary mixtures composed of low-GWP (global warming potential) refrigerants are considered – R32, R1234yf, and R290 – aiming to benefit from environmentally friendly and flame suppressants characteristics of CO<sub>2</sub>, as well as the improved thermal efficiency granted by the addition of a secondary refrigerant. A thermodynamic model was developed for a standard vapor-compression heat pump cycle and used to maximize the coefficient of performance limited by the minimum pinch point in the heat exchangers. Our analysis explores the effect of several parameters, such as, the mixture components, mass fractions, space and water heating demands, and heat source temperature on the heat pump's performance. For cold climates, the mixture of R32 (90%)/CO<sub>2</sub> (10%) yields the highest COP and CO<sub>2</sub>-rich mixtures exhibit the lowest. However, by increasing the mass fraction of CO<sub>2</sub> within the zeotropic mixture, the pressure ratio of the heat pump was improved. When considering combined performance criteria, such as the volumetric heating effect and the total heat delivered related to heat pump size, CO<sub>2</sub>-rich mixtures tend to allow more compact systems, especially in colder climates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14274,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Performance assessment of residential heat pumps operating in extreme cold climates using zeotropic mixtures\",\"authors\":\"\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2024.08.018\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>Extremely cold climates subject residential heat pumps to significant temperature differences between the heat source and the ambient being heated, which may lead to system failure and reduced compressor performance. The present study considers the possibility of improving the performance of heat pump systems that are simultaneously used for residential space and domestic water heating while subjected to climates varying from -25 °C to 5 °C by exploring the use of zeotropic mixtures. CO<sub>2</sub>-based binary mixtures composed of low-GWP (global warming potential) refrigerants are considered – R32, R1234yf, and R290 – aiming to benefit from environmentally friendly and flame suppressants characteristics of CO<sub>2</sub>, as well as the improved thermal efficiency granted by the addition of a secondary refrigerant. A thermodynamic model was developed for a standard vapor-compression heat pump cycle and used to maximize the coefficient of performance limited by the minimum pinch point in the heat exchangers. Our analysis explores the effect of several parameters, such as, the mixture components, mass fractions, space and water heating demands, and heat source temperature on the heat pump's performance. For cold climates, the mixture of R32 (90%)/CO<sub>2</sub> (10%) yields the highest COP and CO<sub>2</sub>-rich mixtures exhibit the lowest. However, by increasing the mass fraction of CO<sub>2</sub> within the zeotropic mixture, the pressure ratio of the heat pump was improved. When considering combined performance criteria, such as the volumetric heating effect and the total heat delivered related to heat pump size, CO<sub>2</sub>-rich mixtures tend to allow more compact systems, especially in colder climates.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":14274,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-09-07\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"5\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140700724002925\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"工程技术\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140700724002925","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
极度寒冷的气候会使住宅热泵的热源与被加热环境之间存在显著温差,从而可能导致系统故障和压缩机性能下降。本研究考虑了通过探索使用各向异性混合物来提高同时用于住宅空间和生活热水加热的热泵系统性能的可能性,这些热泵系统所处的气候条件从 -25 °C 到 5 °C 不等。研究考虑了由低全球升温潜能值(GWP)制冷剂(R32、R1234yf 和 R290)组成的二氧化碳二元混合物,目的是利用二氧化碳的环保和阻燃特性,以及通过添加辅助制冷剂提高热效率。为标准蒸汽压缩热泵循环开发了一个热力学模型,用于最大限度地提高受热交换器最小夹点限制的性能系数。我们的分析探讨了几个参数对热泵性能的影响,如混合物成分、质量分数、空间和水加热需求以及热源温度。在寒冷气候条件下,R32(90%)/CO2(10%)混合物的 COP 值最高,而富含 CO2 的混合物的 COP 值最低。不过,通过增加各向同性混合物中二氧化碳的质量分数,热泵的压力比得到了改善。如果考虑到综合性能标准,例如与热泵尺寸相关的容积加热效果和总热量输送,富含二氧化碳的混合物往往能使系统更加紧凑,尤其是在寒冷的气候条件下。
Performance assessment of residential heat pumps operating in extreme cold climates using zeotropic mixtures
Extremely cold climates subject residential heat pumps to significant temperature differences between the heat source and the ambient being heated, which may lead to system failure and reduced compressor performance. The present study considers the possibility of improving the performance of heat pump systems that are simultaneously used for residential space and domestic water heating while subjected to climates varying from -25 °C to 5 °C by exploring the use of zeotropic mixtures. CO2-based binary mixtures composed of low-GWP (global warming potential) refrigerants are considered – R32, R1234yf, and R290 – aiming to benefit from environmentally friendly and flame suppressants characteristics of CO2, as well as the improved thermal efficiency granted by the addition of a secondary refrigerant. A thermodynamic model was developed for a standard vapor-compression heat pump cycle and used to maximize the coefficient of performance limited by the minimum pinch point in the heat exchangers. Our analysis explores the effect of several parameters, such as, the mixture components, mass fractions, space and water heating demands, and heat source temperature on the heat pump's performance. For cold climates, the mixture of R32 (90%)/CO2 (10%) yields the highest COP and CO2-rich mixtures exhibit the lowest. However, by increasing the mass fraction of CO2 within the zeotropic mixture, the pressure ratio of the heat pump was improved. When considering combined performance criteria, such as the volumetric heating effect and the total heat delivered related to heat pump size, CO2-rich mixtures tend to allow more compact systems, especially in colder climates.
期刊介绍:
The International Journal of Refrigeration is published for the International Institute of Refrigeration (IIR) by Elsevier. It is essential reading for all those wishing to keep abreast of research and industrial news in refrigeration, air conditioning and associated fields. This is particularly important in these times of rapid introduction of alternative refrigerants and the emergence of new technology. The journal has published special issues on alternative refrigerants and novel topics in the field of boiling, condensation, heat pumps, food refrigeration, carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrocarbons, magnetic refrigeration at room temperature, sorptive cooling, phase change materials and slurries, ejector technology, compressors, and solar cooling.
As well as original research papers the International Journal of Refrigeration also includes review articles, papers presented at IIR conferences, short reports and letters describing preliminary results and experimental details, and letters to the Editor on recent areas of discussion and controversy. Other features include forthcoming events, conference reports and book reviews.
Papers are published in either English or French with the IIR news section in both languages.