International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid最新文献

The influence of cold surface roughness on the initial stage of frosting in a wide temperature range 在较宽的温度范围内，冷表面粗糙度对结霜初期的影响

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid

Pub Date : 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2026.02.002

Zhongyuan Wang , Yanxia Li , Zhenqiang Wang , Shengyuan Zhao , Fengjiao Yu , Zhongliang Liu

The initial frosting phenomenon is a discontinuous phase-change nucleation process. The temperature and surface conditions of cold surfaces exert a decisive influence on this phenomenon, particularly during the initial frosting stage. With the advancement of aerospace and energy transportation technologies, increasing attention has been paid to frosting phenomena and frost suppression methods at low temperatures (-100°C to -30°C) and ultra-low temperatures (-273°C to -100°C). For cold surfaces at different temperatures, surface roughness exerts differential effects on the frosting process due to variations in frosting modes. In this study, an experimental investigation was conducted on the initial frosting behavior of copper surfaces with varying roughness (Ra = 2.1∼57.8 μm) over a wide temperature range (-190°C to -30°C), and the influence of roughness on frost crystal coverage was quantitatively analyzed. It was found that under the cold surface conditions examined herein, three frosting modes were observed, which are cold surface sublimation frosting, air boundary layer condensation frosting, and air boundary layer sublimation frosting. Four types of frost crystal morphologies were identified, which are hexagonal prism (feather), branch (pine needle), cluster (shrub), and floc (grape).The effect of roughness on frost crystal coverage exhibits stage-specific characteristics: in the stage dominated by cold surface deposition, high roughness significantly promotes frost crystal growth; in the stage dominated by boundary layer deposition, low roughness inhibits water vapor mass transfer; under extremely low temperature conditions, the influence of roughness becomes random. Universal patterns across different roughness intervals are as follows: in the high roughness range (Ra = 57.8∼39.6 μm), cold surfaces at -30∼-50°C within the roughness range of Ra = 53.8∼57.8 μm exhibit the maximum frost crystal coverage. In the medium roughness range (Ra = 35.5∼20.3 μm), frost crystal coverage on most (>80%) cold surfaces at different temperatures is independent of roughness. In the low roughness range (Ra = 18.5∼2.1 μm), frost crystal coverage at -30°C decreases with decreasing surface roughness.

初始结霜现象是一个不连续的相变成核过程。冷表面的温度和表面条件对这种现象有决定性的影响，特别是在初始结霜阶段。随着航空航天和能源运输技术的进步，低温（-100°C ~ -30°C）和超低温（-273°C ~ -100°C）下的结霜现象和抑霜方法日益受到人们的关注。对于不同温度下的冷表面，由于结霜模式的变化，表面粗糙度对结霜过程产生不同的影响。本研究对不同粗糙度（Ra = 2.1 ~ 57.8 μm）的铜表面在-190℃~ -30℃宽温度范围内的初始结霜行为进行了实验研究，并定量分析了粗糙度对霜晶覆盖的影响。研究发现，在冷地表条件下，可观察到三种结霜模式，即冷地表升华结霜、空气边界层凝结结霜和空气边界层升华结霜。鉴定出四种霜晶形态，分别为六棱柱状（羽毛状）、枝状（松针状）、簇状（灌木状）和絮状（葡萄状）。粗糙度对霜晶覆盖的影响呈现阶段性特征：在以冷表面沉积为主的阶段，高粗糙度显著促进霜晶生长；在边界层沉积为主阶段，低粗糙度抑制水蒸气传质；在极低温条件下，粗糙度的影响变得随机。不同粗糙度区间的普遍规律如下：在高粗糙度范围内（Ra = 57.8 ~ 39.6 μm）， Ra = 53.8 ~ 57.8 μm粗糙度范围内-30 ~ -50°C冷表面霜晶覆盖率最大。在中等粗糙度范围内（Ra = 35.5 ~ 20.3 μm），不同温度下大多数（>80%）冷表面的霜晶覆盖率与粗糙度无关。在低粗糙度范围内（Ra = 18.5 ~ 2.1 μm）， -30℃时霜晶覆盖率随表面粗糙度的减小而减小。

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引用次数: 0

Cooling performances enhancement of adsorption bed with topology-optimized fins and stepwise porosity 拓扑优化翅片和阶梯孔隙率增强吸附床的冷却性能

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid

Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2026.02.001

Ziyang Cheng , Xunfeng Li , Guoqing Shen , Min Xu , Xiulan Huai

Low-temperature-driven water-based adsorption refrigeration system is considered environmentally friendly alternatives with the potential to reduce carbon emissions and improve energy sustainability, especially when utilizing renewable or waste heat sources. However, the poor heat and mass transfer of conventionally-used particle-filled adsorption beds largely limits the performance of adsorption chillers. To address this challenge, this study proposes an innovative adsorption bed configuration that integrates topology-optimized fins with stepwise porosity distributions. A two-dimensional transient numerical model is developed to simulate the adsorption/desorption processes under realistic operating conditions. With a 10 % fin volume proportion, the topology-optimized structure increases SCP by 12.9 % and COP by 1.9 % relative to a straight-fin configuration, and by 194.7 % (SCP) and 8.7 % (COP) relative to a no-fin configuration. Further enhancement is achieved by combining stepwise porosity design, where the Type-4 configuration yields SCP and COP increases of 190.4 % and 10.8 % compared to the non-optimized structure. This study is among the first to explore the combined effect of topology optimization and stepwise porosity in adsorption bed design, demonstrating that the synergistic design significantly enhances thermal and mass transfer effectiveness, providing valuable guidance for the development of high-performance adsorption cooling systems.

低温驱动的水基吸附制冷系统被认为是环境友好型的替代方案，具有减少碳排放和提高能源可持续性的潜力，特别是在利用可再生能源或废热源时。然而，传统的颗粒填充吸附床传热传质差，在很大程度上限制了吸附式冷水机组的性能。为了解决这一挑战，本研究提出了一种创新的吸附床配置，该配置将拓扑优化的鳍与逐步孔隙度分布相结合。建立了二维瞬态数值模型，模拟了实际操作条件下的吸附/解吸过程。当翅片体积比例为10%时，拓扑优化结构的SCP和COP分别比直鳍结构提高12.9%和1.9%，比无鳍结构提高194.7%和8.7%。通过结合逐步孔隙度设计，进一步提高了孔隙度，与未优化结构相比，Type-4结构的SCP和COP分别提高了190.4%和10.8%。本研究首次探索了拓扑优化与阶梯孔隙度在吸附床设计中的联合效应，证明了协同设计显著提高了传热传质效率，为高性能吸附冷却系统的开发提供了有价值的指导。

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引用次数: 0

Cryoprotective effects of glycerol on the structure and function of myofibrillar proteins in pork patties with multiple freeze-thaw cycles 甘油对多次冻融循环猪肉肉饼中肌原纤维蛋白结构和功能的冷冻保护作用

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2026.01.035

Huihui Liang , Xun Gao , Yunyun Jiang , Xiaoxu Zhu , Cunliu Zhou

This study investigated the cryoprotective effects of glycerol on myofibrillar proteins (MPs) in pork patties subjected to repeated freeze–thaw cycles. Compared with the control, glycerol markedly inhibited the reduction in protein solubility and absolute zeta potential while suppressing the increase in turbidity and average particle size of MPs. It effectively delayed the increase of carbonyl group and surface hydrophobicity, the decline in total sulfhydryl groups and intrinsic fluorescence intensity, and the conformational transition from α-helix to β-sheet. Glycerol also mitigated the loss of whiteness, textural strength, and intermolecular interactions and retarded the thermal denaturation of MP molecules. Moreover, it reduced cooking loss and microstructural degradation in MP gels. In emulsification systems, glycerol alleviated the decline in emulsifying activity and stability, limited the increase in creaming index, and prevented oil droplet coalescence in MP–soybean oil emulsions. Overall, glycerol preserved the gelation and emulsification functionality of MPs by delaying protein aggregation and conformational disruption, thereby maintaining the structural integrity and quality of pork patties during multiple freeze–thaw cycles.

本研究研究了甘油对反复冻融循环的猪肉肉饼中肌原纤维蛋白（MPs）的冷冻保护作用。与对照组相比，甘油显著抑制了蛋白溶解度和绝对zeta电位的降低，同时抑制了MPs的浊度和平均粒径的增加。它有效地延缓了羰基和表面疏水性的增加，总巯基和本征荧光强度的下降，以及α-螺旋向β-片的构象转变。甘油还减轻了白度、结构强度和分子间相互作用的损失，并延缓了MP分子的热变性。此外，它还减少了MP凝胶的蒸煮损失和微结构降解。在乳化体系中，甘油缓解了乳化活性和稳定性的下降，限制了成乳指数的增加，阻止了mp -豆油乳剂中的油滴聚结。总的来说，甘油通过延缓蛋白质聚集和构象破坏来保持MPs的凝胶化和乳化功能，从而在多次冻融循环中保持猪肉肉饼的结构完整性和质量。

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引用次数: 0

Performance study on a cryogenic bubble pump for low-flow-rate liquid nitrogen transfer 低流量液氮低温气泡泵的性能研究

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2026.01.030

Yuhui Chen , Ya Xu , Daming Sun , Zeming Wang , Qie Shen

To develop a cryogenic liquid pumping device suitable for low-flow-rate conditions, this paper presents a combined numerical and experimental investigation of a bubble pump using liquid nitrogen as the working fluid. The pump performance and internal hydrodynamic characteristics are systematically examined through varying submergence ratio and heating power. The results show that under the same heating power, as the submergence ratio increases, both the flow rate and lifting efficiency exhibit a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. At the same submergence ratio, an increase in heating power leads to a first rise followed by a fall in the flow rate, while the lifting efficiency decreases gradually. The maximum flow rate of 11.14 kg × h^-1 occurs at a submersion ratio of 0.62 and a heating power of 35 W in the simulation. The maximum measured flow rate was 4.24 kg × h^-1 at a submersion ratio of 0.473 and a heating power of 7 W. This research shows the prospect of cryogenic bubble pump in the field of low-flow-rate cryogenic liquid transfer, and provides the research foundation for the design and optimization of the cryogenic bubble pump.

为了研制一种适用于低流量条件下的低温抽液装置，本文对液氮作为工作流体的气泡泵进行了数值与实验相结合的研究。通过改变淹没比和加热功率，系统地考察了泵的性能和内部水动力特性。结果表明：在相同加热功率下，随着淹没比的增大，流量和举升效率均呈现先增大后减小的趋势；在相同淹没比下，加热功率的增加导致流量先上升后下降，举升效率逐渐降低。在淹没比为0.62、加热功率为35 W时，模拟的最大流量为11.14 kg × h-1。在浸没比0.473，加热功率7 W的条件下，最大测量流量为4.24 kg × h-1。本研究展望了低温气泡泵在低流量低温液体输送领域的发展前景，为低温气泡泵的设计与优化提供了研究基础。

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引用次数: 0

Insights into frozen quality preservation and energy conservation of salted swamp eel (Monopterus albus) fillets 盐渍泥鳅鱼片冷冻保鲜及节能研究

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2026.01.031

Hongwei Song , Yajin Zhang , Hong Yang , Ru Liu , Tao Yin , Liu Shi , Juan You

This study was conducted to elucidate the effect of NaCl content on thermal characteristics and the quality of eels under different freezing conditions with an aim to mitigate ice crystal damage, quality degradation, and energy inefficiency in frozen swamp eel meat. The results demonstrated that specific heat capacity and enthalpy of salted samples were lowered, while nonfreezing water content was increased compared with unsalted samples. Compared with unsalted samples, under 5 % NaCl salting condition, the electricity consumption of air freezing was lowered by 32.10 % at −40 °C, and the consumption of liquid nitrogen was lowered by 25.7 % at −90 °C LNSF (liquid nitrogen spray freezing). Moreover, the eel meat with 3 % NaCl salting and LNSF at −90 °C exhibited finer and more uniform ice crystal formation. This microstructural improvement resulted in a more complete retention of collagen, which led to a significant enhancement in hardness (p < 0.05) and an increase in myofibrillar protein solubility resulted in an increase in water holding capacity to 73.88 %. Consequently, the application of an optimal freezing temperature (−90 °C LNSF) with 3 % NaCl pretreatment significantly improves frozen eel meat quality and reduces energy consumption during the freezing process.

本研究旨在研究不同冷冻条件下NaCl含量对鳗鱼热特性和品质的影响，以减轻冷冻沼泽鳗肉的冰晶损伤、品质退化和能量效率低下。结果表明，与未加盐的样品相比，加盐样品的比热容和焓降低，而非冻结水含量增加。与未加盐样品相比，5% NaCl盐化条件下，−40℃空气冷冻电耗降低32.10%,−90℃LNSF（液氮喷雾冷冻）液氮电耗降低25.7%。此外，在- 90°C条件下，添加3% NaCl盐和LNSF的鳗鱼肉形成的冰晶更细、更均匀。这种微观结构的改善导致胶原蛋白的更完全保留，从而导致硬度的显着增强（p < 0.05），肌纤维蛋白溶解度的增加导致持水能力增加到73.88%。因此，采用最佳冷冻温度（- 90°C LNSF）和3% NaCl预处理可以显著改善冷冻鳗鱼肉的品质，降低冷冻过程中的能量消耗。

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引用次数: 0

Study on energy-saving and defrosting characteristics of gas heat pump systems under various waste heat utilization conditions 不同余热利用条件下燃气热泵系统节能除霜特性研究

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2026.01.029

Lu Han , Zhenjun Xu , Hao Wang , Qingqing Li

Air-source gas engine-driven heat pumps (GHPs) in cold regions typically suffer from performance limitations due to insufficient waste heat utilization and inefficient defrosting processes. This study evaluates three waste heat utilization modes to enhance GHP energy-saving characteristics: (A) auxiliary heating, (B) indirect hot-water defrosting, and (C) direct hot-water defrosting . A combined methodology of thermodynamic modeling and experimental testing was employed to analyze system performance. Results indicate that System A achieves the highest Primary Energy Ratio (PER) of 1.6 at moderate temperatures (10 °C), demonstrating the benefits of auxiliary heating in mild climates. However, under severe frost conditions, System C proved superior. By directly supplying waste heat to the evaporator, System C reduced compressor power by up to 25%, shortened defrosting time by 20%, and decreased seasonal fuel consumption by 19%–28% compared to conventional operation. Conversely, System B exhibited the lowest Coefficient of Performance (COP). The study concludes that the direct integration of recovered waste heat into the evaporator (System C) offers the best balance of energy efficiency and defrosting effectiveness for cold-climate applications.

在寒冷地区，空气源燃气发动机驱动的热泵（GHPs）通常由于余热利用不足和除霜过程效率低下而受到性能限制。本研究评估了三种余热利用模式，以提高GHP节能特性：(A)辅助加热，(B)间接热水除霜，(C)直接热水除霜。采用热力学建模与实验测试相结合的方法对系统性能进行分析。结果表明，在中等温度（10°C）下，系统A的一次能量比（PER）最高，为1.6，显示了辅助采暖在温和气候下的好处。然而，在严重的霜冻条件下，系统C被证明是优越的。通过将余热直接输送到蒸发器，系统C的压缩机功率降低了25%，除霜时间缩短了20%，与常规运行相比，季节性燃料消耗降低了19%-28%。相反，系统B表现出最低的性能系数（COP）。该研究得出结论，将回收的废热直接整合到蒸发器（系统C）中，为寒冷气候应用提供了能源效率和除霜效果的最佳平衡。

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引用次数: 0

A general nonlinear prediction model for binary interaction parameter of vdW mixing rules in PR EOS for phase Equilibria of HFO mixtures HFO混合物相平衡时vdW混合规则二元相互作用参数的一般非线性预测模型

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2026.01.027

Hao Liu, Yujia Zhang, Yingying Tan, Xiuzhen Li, Lin Wang

Mixtures containing HFOs have emerged as promising alternatives to HFCs due to their environmentally friendly properties, and the vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) of HFO-containing mixtures is a critical thermodynamic property for practical engineering applications. Although the experimental VLE behaviors of HFO mixtures have been investigated, there are studies unavailable on the binary interaction parameters of HFO-containing mixtures in the literature. Therefore, in this work, the model for binary interaction parameter of van der Waals (vdW) mixing rule oriented to Peng–Robinson equation of state is developed to predict the VLE of binary mixtures. The binary interaction parameters in the vdW mixing rules are regressed using experimental VLE data for 64 sets of binary mixtures, and then, on the basis of the regressed binary interaction parameters, a general nonlinear correlation is proposed by incorporating the thermophysical properties, such as critical temperature, critical pressure and acentric factor. The proposed model is subsequently applied to predict the VLE behavior of all 66 sets of binary mixtures, including two independent test cases, and the predicted results are validated against experimental data. The results indicate that the proposed model exhibits high accuracy in predicting bubble-point pressure, vapor phase mole fraction and relative volatility, and pressure has the average absolute relative deviation of 1.07%, while vapor-liquid mole fraction possesses the average absolute deviation of 0.0059, with the 4.63% average absolute relative deviation of relative volatility, so it is thus clear that the proposed model shows good applicability and accuracy in VLE predictions for HFO-containing mixtures.

含氢氟烃的混合物因其环保特性而成为氢氟烃的有希望的替代品，而含氢氟烃混合物的汽液平衡（VLE）是实际工程应用的关键热力学性质。虽然已经研究了HFO混合物的实验VLE行为，但文献中没有关于含HFO混合物二元相互作用参数的研究。因此，本文建立了面向Peng-Robinson状态方程的范德华混合规则二元相互作用参数模型，用于预测二元混合物的VLE。利用64组二元混合物的实验VLE数据，对vdW混合规则中的二元相互作用参数进行回归，并在回归的二元相互作用参数基础上，结合临界温度、临界压力和离心因子等热物理性质，提出了一种广义的非线性关联关系。随后，将该模型应用于预测所有66组二元混合物的VLE行为，包括两个独立的测试用例，并根据实验数据验证了预测结果。结果表明，该模型对气泡点压力、气相摩尔分数和相对挥发性具有较高的预测精度，其中压力的平均绝对相对偏差为1.07%，气液摩尔分数的平均绝对偏差为0.0059，相对挥发性的平均绝对相对偏差为4.63%；因此，很明显，所提出的模型在含hfo混合物的VLE预测中具有良好的适用性和准确性。

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引用次数: 0

Vapor-liquid equilibrium measurements and thermodynamic performance assessment on eco-friendly working pairs of R1270+DMETrEG and R1270+NMP for Absorption Refrigeration System 吸收式制冷系统R1270+DMETrEG和R1270+NMP环保工作对汽液平衡测量及热力学性能评价

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2026.01.028

Deheng Kong , Sai Zhou , Mingjing Fan , Qian Ning , Qinglu Song , Dechang Wang , Guogeng He

As an environmentally sustainable refrigeration technology, the absorption refrigeration cycle (ARC) has garnered increasing attention, and research on the vapor–liquid equilibrium (VLE) of novel working pairs is of great significance for the promotion and development of ARC. This article innovatively measured the VLE of hydrocarbon (HC) refrigerant R1270 in organic solvents DMETrEG and NMP in the temperature range of 303.15 K to 353.15 K, and used the non-random two-liquid (NRTL) model to fit the experimental data and evaluate their performance in the ARC. For the R1270+DMETrEG, the average absolute relative deviation (AARD) and maximum absolute relative deviation (MARD) are 0.8318 % and 2.8169 %, respectively. For the R1270+NMP, the corresponding values are 1.4472 % and 3.1676 %. In the thermodynamic analysis of the ARC, the maximum coefficient of performance (COP) of the R1270+DMETrEG working pair is 0.327, which is higher than 0.313 of the R1270+NMP. Compared to COP values predicted using a UNIFAC-DMD model, the COP calculated from experimental VLE data is approximately 0.02–0.08 lower, although the overall trend remains consistent. In all cases, the COP of R1270+DMETrEG is higher than that of R1270+NMP, in both experimental and predicted results. Based on the experimental data, the COP of the R1270 working pairs is 0.01–0.1 lower than that of R1234yf and R1234ze(E). At constant generation temperature, both working pairs exhibit similar COP trends as a function of evaporation and condensation temperatures. Analysis of excess properties shows that the excess Gibbs energy (G^E) is negatively correlated with refrigerant solubility and COP.

作为一种环境可持续制冷技术，吸收式制冷循环（ARC）越来越受到人们的关注，研究新型工作对的汽液平衡（VLE）对推广和发展吸收式制冷循环具有重要意义。本文创新性地测量了烃类制冷剂R1270在303.15 K ~ 353.15 K的有机溶剂DMETrEG和NMP中的VLE，并采用非随机双液（NRTL）模型对实验数据进行拟合，评价其在ARC中的性能。R1270+DMETrEG的平均绝对相对偏差（AARD）和最大绝对相对偏差（MARD）分别为0.8318 %和2.8169%。对于R1270+NMP，对应的值为1.4472%和3.1676%。在ARC的热力学分析中，R1270+DMETrEG工作副的最大性能系数（COP）为0.327，高于R1270+NMP的0.313。与使用UNIFAC-DMD模型预测的COP值相比，从实验VLE数据计算的COP值大约低0.02-0.08，尽管总体趋势保持一致。在所有情况下，R1270+DMETrEG的COP均高于R1270+NMP，无论是实验结果还是预测结果。实验数据表明，R1270工作对的COP比R1234yf和R1234ze(E)低0.01 ~ 0.1。在恒定的发电温度下，这两个工作对表现出相似的COP趋势，作为蒸发和冷凝温度的函数。过量特性分析表明，过量吉布斯能（GE）与制冷剂溶解度和COP呈负相关。

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引用次数: 0

Study on the effect of air contamination in helium on the reliability of a Helium Joule-Thomson cryocooler 氦气中空气污染对氦焦耳-汤姆逊制冷机可靠性影响的研究

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2026.01.025

Pengcheng Qu , Zhichao Chen , Ziqi Wei , Yuanting Zhang , Jinjian Chu , Baoyu Yang , Xi Chen , Shaoshuai Liu

Gas contamination significantly limits the reliability of Helium Joule-Thomson Cryocoolers (JTC) in long-life space missions. Distinct from previous studies that focus on contamination during cooldown, this research investigates the dynamic clogging mechanism caused by gradual contaminant accumulation during continuous operation. A method of multiple quantitative additions of air is employed to explore the impact on operating characteristics. Experimental results reveal that air contaminants primarily desublimate into solid frost layers in the second-stage counter-flow heat exchanger (CFHX 2) within the temperature range of 65–15 K, eventually leading to clogging. This process exhibits four novel stages: nucleation-growth, steady-growth, collapse-reconstruction, and clogging. To elucidate the mechanism, a gas contaminant desublimation model is established. Simulation results confirm that nitrogen deposits heavily around 35–45 K within CFHX 2, serving as the primary source of flow resistance. Furthermore, the study uncovers that the synergistic deposition of multi-component contaminants may lead to the frost layer instability observed during the collapse-reconstruction stage. This work clarifies the dynamic clogging mechanism of air contamination, providing a quantitative basis for reliability assessment and suppression strategies for Helium JTCs.

气体污染严重限制了氦焦耳-汤姆逊制冷机（JTC）在长寿命太空任务中的可靠性。与以往研究集中于冷却过程中的污染不同，本研究研究的是连续运行过程中污染物逐渐积累所导致的动态堵塞机制。采用多次定量添加空气的方法来探讨对操作特性的影响。实验结果表明，在65 ~ 15 K的温度范围内，空气污染物主要在二级逆流换热器（CFHX 2）中升华为固体霜层，最终导致堵塞。这一过程表现出四个新的阶段：成核生长、稳定生长、坍缩重建和堵塞。为了阐明这一机理，建立了气体污染物再升华模型。模拟结果证实，在cfhx2中，氮气在35-45 K附近大量沉积，是流动阻力的主要来源。此外，研究还揭示了多组分污染物的协同沉降可能导致在塌陷-重建阶段观测到的霜层失稳。阐明了空气污染的动态堵塞机理，为氦jtc的可靠性评估和抑制策略提供了定量依据。

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引用次数: 0

Force fields for R1336mzz(Z), R1336mzz(E), R1233zd(E) and solvation in pentaerythritol tetrapentanoate (PEC5) lubricant R1336mzz(Z)、R1336mzz(E)、R1233zd(E)在四戊酸季戊四醇（PEC5）润滑油中的溶剂化力场

IF 3.8 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

International Journal of Refrigeration-revue Internationale Du Froid

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2026.01.026

Ali Aminian

Low global warming potential refrigerants are playing major role regarding challenges that face the safety of environment. In this work, force field parameters were developed for cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (R1336mzz(Z)), trans-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene (R1336mzz(E)), and trans-1‑chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propene (R1233zd(E)) based on high-level DFT calculations. The model parameters were tested to predict thermal conductivity, liquid density, dipole moment, and dielectric constant of the refrigerants, which were further compared against reference data. Molecular interaction studies showed that no strong interaction is exist between R1233zd(E) and pentaerythritol tetrapentanoate (PEC5). Also, the DFT calculations of the optimized structures were used for COSMO sigma-profile generations and solubility or vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) predictions.

低全球变暖潜能值制冷剂在应对环境安全挑战方面发挥着重要作用。在这项工作中，基于高阶DFT计算，建立了顺式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯（R1336mzz(Z)），反式-1,1,1,4,4,4-六氟-2-丁烯（R1336mzz(E)）和反式-1氯-3,3,3-三氟-1-丙烯（R1233zd(E)）的力场参数。对模型参数进行了测试，以预测制冷剂的导热系数、液体密度、偶极矩和介电常数，并与参考数据进行了比较。分子相互作用研究表明，R1233zd(E)与季戊四醇四戊酸酯（PEC5）不存在强相互作用。此外，优化结构的DFT计算用于COSMO sigma-剖面生成和溶解度或汽液平衡（VLE）预测。

引用次数: 0