月球表面水冰的热提取 II--改进的沉积岩模型的水汽产量

IF 1.8 4区 物理与天体物理 Q3 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Planetary and Space Science Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI:10.1016/j.pss.2024.105973
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引用次数: 0

摘要

这项工作的重点是月球表面的热取水。我们之前开发了一个三维有限元模型(FEM),实现了多孔颗粒介质(即冰冷的月球残积岩)中的热量和气体扩散。在这里,我们提出了这一工作的改进版本,其中我们实施了一个更加逼真的碎屑岩模型。特别是,我们解决了以前模型中关于碎屑岩发射率和孔隙率、水升华速率以及碎屑岩和水冰导热性和渗透性的简化问题。结合最近的建模和文献实验工作,我们研究了这些土壤特性对模拟结果的影响,尤其关注热萃取过程的产量。为了了解如果直接加热月球表面,热萃取水会产生什么结果,我们还研究了开放边界对萃取产量的影响。我们发现,我们在论文 I 中实施的粗略冰质雷公石近似方法对加热后水蒸气产量的估计较低。总体而言,使用相同的加热方法(表面加热和插入钻头),我们更精确的岩石模型从模拟体积中提取了更多的水。通过这个新模型,我们观察到萃取率主要取决于岩石中的冰含量,其次才是加热配置(钻头数量)和功率。在两种特定配置下,即在体积为 1%的冰质残积岩中分别使用 104 瓦的 16 个和 25 个钻头,加热可以提取附近的冰,从而有效地使整个模拟体积干燥。除这两种情况外,对边界封闭的体积进行 104 W 表面加热时,提取率最高,超过 80%。在边界开阔的体积中,用最高功率(104 瓦)、最多钻头(16 个和 25 个)、冰成分最多的岩石中,最高提取率约为 70%。通过结合产量和提取时间来定义提取效率,我们发现硬件复杂性、时间和产量之间的最佳折中方案是在开放边界环境中工作,在富冰积岩中使用密集的钻头配置,在贫冰积岩中使用松散的钻头配置。在这两种情况下,每个钻头的功率分别为 102 瓦和 103 瓦,提取效率相近,这表明低功率方案比高功率方案能产生相似的结果。总之,我们的研究结果支持在未来的 ISRU 架构中进行热水提取的可行性。
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Thermal extraction of water ice from the lunar surface II - vapor yields for an improved regolith model
This work focuses on thermal water extraction on the lunar surface. We previously developed a three-dimensional finite element model (FEM) implementing heat and gas diffusion in the porous granular medium that is icy lunar regolith. Here, we present an improved version of this work in which we implemented a more realistic regolith model. In particular, we addressed previous model simplifications on regolith emissivity and porosity, water sublimation rate, as well as regolith and water ice thermal conductivity and permeability. Incorporating recent modeling and experimental work from the literature, we investigated the effect of these soil properties on the outcome of our simulations, with a particular interest in the yield of the thermal extraction process. Aiming at understanding what thermal water extraction would produce if heating the lunar surface directly, we also studied the effect of open borders on extraction yields.
We find that the crude icy regolith approximation we implemented in Paper I provided a lower estimation of water vapor yields upon heating. Overall and using the same heating methods (surface heating as well as inserted drills), our more accurate regolith model implementation extracted more water from the simulation volume. With this new model, we observed that extraction yields depended mostly on the ice content of the regolith, and to a lesser extent on the heating configuration (number of drills) and power. In two specific configurations, 16 and 25 drills at 104 W in 1%vol icy regolith, heating allowed the extraction of nearby ice, efficiently desiccating the entire simulation volume. Apart from these two cases, the highest extraction yields were obtained for 104 W surface heating of a volume with closed borders with values over 80%. In open border volumes, highest yields were around 70% achieved for the highest number of drills (16 and 25), at the highest power (104 W) in the regolith with the largest icy fraction. Extraction masses started being noticeable around a few minutes, but reaching most of the maximum possible yields took up to several days in some cases.
Defining an extraction efficiency by combining the yield and extraction times, we found that the best compromise between hardware complexity, time, and yield would be working in open border environments, using dense drill configurations in ice-rich regolith, and loose drill configurations in ice-poor regolith. In both cases, extraction efficiencies were similar at 102 W and 103 W per drill, indicating that low power solutions would yield similar results than higher power ones. Overall, our results support the viability of thermal water extraction in future ISRU architectures.
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来源期刊
Planetary and Space Science
Planetary and Space Science 地学天文-天文与天体物理
CiteScore
5.40
自引率
4.20%
发文量
126
审稿时长
15 weeks
期刊介绍: Planetary and Space Science publishes original articles as well as short communications (letters). Ground-based and space-borne instrumentation and laboratory simulation of solar system processes are included. The following fields of planetary and solar system research are covered: • Celestial mechanics, including dynamical evolution of the solar system, gravitational captures and resonances, relativistic effects, tracking and dynamics • Cosmochemistry and origin, including all aspects of the formation and initial physical and chemical evolution of the solar system • Terrestrial planets and satellites, including the physics of the interiors, geology and morphology of the surfaces, tectonics, mineralogy and dating • Outer planets and satellites, including formation and evolution, remote sensing at all wavelengths and in situ measurements • Planetary atmospheres, including formation and evolution, circulation and meteorology, boundary layers, remote sensing and laboratory simulation • Planetary magnetospheres and ionospheres, including origin of magnetic fields, magnetospheric plasma and radiation belts, and their interaction with the sun, the solar wind and satellites • Small bodies, dust and rings, including asteroids, comets and zodiacal light and their interaction with the solar radiation and the solar wind • Exobiology, including origin of life, detection of planetary ecosystems and pre-biological phenomena in the solar system and laboratory simulations • Extrasolar systems, including the detection and/or the detectability of exoplanets and planetary systems, their formation and evolution, the physical and chemical properties of the exoplanets • History of planetary and space research
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