Planetary and Space Science最新文献

Gamma radiolysis stability of citric acid-Fe3+-montmorillonite complexes: Implications for prebiotic chemistry 柠檬酸- fe3 +-蒙脱土配合物的γ辐射分解稳定性：对益生元化学的影响

IF 1.7 4区物理与天体物理 Q3 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS

Planetary and Space Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.pss.2025.106233

J. Cruz-Castañeda , C. Fuentes-Carreón , A. Heredia , A. Meléndez-López

Iron is widely distributed in natural environments and ubiquitous in clay minerals, which likely played a key role in abiotic processes on early Earth and some extraterrestrial bodies. To further understand this, we investigated the stability of citric acid-Fe³⁺-montmorillonite (CA-Fe-Mnt) complexes under gamma irradiation, highlighting their potential importance in prebiotic chemistry. Specifically, we studied the sorption dynamics between Fe³⁺-montmorillonite (Fe-Mnt) and citric acid (CA) at pH 2 and 6 for different time intervals (15–60 min) and tested for possible desorption using 0.1 mol L⁻¹ CaCl₂. ESI-HPLC-MS, ATR-FTIR, and XRD analyses revealed that CA chemisorbs onto Fe-Mnt, forming a stable, desorption-resistant complex, likely due to its strong coordination with interlayered iron cations. While citric acid in aqueous solution (5 × 10⁻⁴ mol L⁻¹) is highly susceptible to indirect water radiolysis persisting less than 2 % at 20 kGy, the CA-Fe-Mnt complex demonstrated robust stability under gamma irradiation (up to 40 kGy). However, the mineral matrix exhibited signs of structural degradation, evidenced by the loss of Si-O signal intensity observed by ATR-FTIR. This suggests that the organic matter is preserved at the cost of the mineral's structural order, which appears to dissipate the absorbed radiation through lattice degradation. These results suggest that clay-organic complexes may be a means of preserving organic matter in highly irradiated environments (e.g., hydrothermal systems, impact sites, and early Mars surfaces), providing new insights into the geochemical mechanisms of prebiotic preservation.

铁在自然环境中广泛分布，在粘土矿物中无处不在，这可能在早期地球和一些地外天体的非生物过程中发挥了关键作用。为了进一步了解这一点，我们研究了柠檬酸- fe3 +-蒙脱土（CA-Fe-Mnt）配合物在伽马辐射下的稳定性，强调了它们在益生元化学中的潜在重要性。具体来说，我们研究了Fe3+-蒙脱土（Fe-Mnt）和柠檬酸（CA）在pH 2和6下不同时间间隔（15-60 min）的吸附动力学，并测试了0.1 mol L−1 CaCl2对解吸的可能性。ESI-HPLC-MS， ATR-FTIR和XRD分析表明，CA化学吸附在Fe-Mnt上，形成稳定的，抗脱附的配合物，可能是由于其与层间铁阳离子的强配位。柠檬酸在水溶液（5 × 10−4 mol L−1）中极易受到间接水辐射的影响，在20 kGy下的辐射率低于2%，而CA-Fe-Mnt配合物在伽马辐射（高达40 kGy）下表现出强大的稳定性。然而，矿物基质表现出结构降解的迹象，由ATR-FTIR观察到的Si-O信号强度的损失证明。这表明，有机物质的保存是以矿物的结构秩序为代价的，这似乎通过晶格降解消散了吸收的辐射。这些结果表明，粘土-有机复合物可能是在高辐射环境（如热液系统、撞击地点和早期火星表面）中保存有机物的一种手段，为益生元保存的地球化学机制提供了新的见解。

{"title":"Gamma radiolysis stability of citric acid-Fe3+-montmorillonite complexes: Implications for prebiotic chemistry","authors":"J. Cruz-Castañeda , C. Fuentes-Carreón , A. Heredia , A. Meléndez-López","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2025.106233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pss.2025.106233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Iron is widely distributed in natural environments and ubiquitous in clay minerals, which likely played a key role in abiotic processes on early Earth and some extraterrestrial bodies. To further understand this, we investigated the stability of citric acid-Fe<sup>3+</sup>-montmorillonite (CA-Fe-Mnt) complexes under gamma irradiation, highlighting their potential importance in prebiotic chemistry. Specifically, we studied the sorption dynamics between Fe<sup>3+</sup>-montmorillonite (Fe-Mnt) and citric acid (CA) at pH 2 and 6 for different time intervals (15–60 min) and tested for possible desorption using 0.1 mol L<sup>−1</sup> CaCl<sub>2</sub>. ESI-HPLC-MS, ATR-FTIR, and XRD analyses revealed that CA chemisorbs onto Fe-Mnt, forming a stable, desorption-resistant complex, likely due to its strong coordination with interlayered iron cations. While citric acid in aqueous solution (5 × 10<sup>−4</sup> mol L<sup>−1</sup>) is highly susceptible to indirect water radiolysis persisting less than 2 % at 20 kGy, the CA-Fe-Mnt complex demonstrated robust stability under gamma irradiation (up to 40 kGy). However, the mineral matrix exhibited signs of structural degradation, evidenced by the loss of Si-O signal intensity observed by ATR-FTIR. This suggests that the organic matter is preserved at the cost of the mineral's structural order, which appears to dissipate the absorbed radiation through lattice degradation. These results suggest that clay-organic complexes may be a means of preserving organic matter in highly irradiated environments (<em>e.g</em>., hydrothermal systems, impact sites, and early Mars surfaces), providing new insights into the geochemical mechanisms of prebiotic preservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20054,"journal":{"name":"Planetary and Space Science","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 106233"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fractionation of heavier species in the hydrogen atmosphere. Asymptotic approach 氢大气中较重物质的分馏。渐近方法

IF 1.7 4区物理与天体物理 Q3 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS

Planetary and Space Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.pss.2025.106232

N.V. Erkaev, K.D. Gorbunova

Within the hydrodynamic model, an asymptotic analytical method is developed for the fractionation rate of heavier components in the evaporating hydrogen atmosphere that forms a supersonic radial planetary wind due to EUV radiation from the host star. The accuracy of the asymptotic solution is determined by the ratio of the mean free path of particles to the radial scale of the density change. Hydrogen, as the main evaporating component in the planetary atmosphere, entrains heavier components, the loss rate of which is slightly lower than that of hydrogen. The enrichment of the heavier component occurs faster when its atomic mass is larger compared to the mass of the main hydrogen component. In particular, we consider helium and deuterium as additional fractions in the hydrogen planetary atmosphere. The time evolution of each individual helium and deuterium fraction strongly depends on the behavior of the EUV radiation of the host star. However, the relationship between the deuterium and helium fractions is described by the analytical function obtained in this work, which is independent of EUV radiation.

在流体动力学模型中，提出了一种渐近解析方法，用于计算由于来自主星的EUV辐射而形成超音速径向行星风的蒸发氢大气中较重组分的分异率。渐近解的精度由粒子的平均自由程与密度变化的径向尺度之比决定。氢作为行星大气中主要的蒸发成分，携带着较重的成分，其损失率略低于氢。当较重的元素的原子质量大于主要氢元素的质量时，它的富集发生得更快。特别地，我们认为氦和氘是氢行星大气中的附加组分。每个氦和氘分数的时间演化在很大程度上取决于宿主恒星的EUV辐射的行为。然而，氘和氦组分之间的关系是由本工作中得到的解析函数描述的，它与EUV辐射无关。

引用次数: 0

Scribble-to-map: Geomorphological mapping of multi-class Martian landforms using scribble annotations and high-resolution DEMs 涂鸦到地图：使用涂鸦注释和高分辨率dem绘制多类火星地貌的地貌图

IF 1.7 4区物理与天体物理 Q3 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS

Planetary and Space Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.pss.2025.106230

Rong Huang , Peiqi Ye , Yusheng Xu , Puzuo Wang , Leilei Jiao , Yongjiu Feng , Xiaohua Tong

The study of Martian landforms helps to deepen our understanding of the evolutionary history and climate change of Mars, as well as providing key support for Martian landing site selection missions. Most existing Martian landform recognition work has been carried out through geomorphological mapping of optical imagery; however, the recognition of boundaries may be inaccurate due to factors such as brightness and shadows in the images, and there is a lack of direct three-dimensional morphological information. Introducing three-dimensional information by combining high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) is expected to effectively improve the accuracy of mapping landform features. However, the dependence of deep learning methods on labeled data makes high-quality annotation a bottleneck. To this end, this study proposes a scribble-to-map framework for geomorphological mapping of multi-category landforms on Mars using high-resolution DEMs with scribble annotations, which effectively reduces the annotation workload. Our proposed framework is based on the mean teacher weak supervision strategy, using reliable and unreliable pseudo-label strategies to make full use of unlabeled data. Our method exceeds current weakly supervised methods and achieves results comparable to those obtained under full supervision. Experimental results on a constructed Martian landform dataset show an overall accuracy (OA) of 92.1% and a mean intersection over union (mIoU) of 77.1% on the test data under 1% annotation, representing improvements of 1.6% and 6%, respectively, when compared to neural networks trained with only sparse annotations. The acquired landform mapping results are applied to subsequent landing site selection analyses. We calculate landform landscape pattern metrics within the study region to characterize the regional spatial distribution of landforms, thereby enhancing the utility of mapping results for follow-up landing site evaluation.

对火星地貌的研究有助于加深我们对火星演化历史和气候变化的认识，并为火星着陆点选择任务提供关键支持。大多数现有的火星地貌识别工作都是通过光学图像的地貌测绘进行的；然而，由于图像中的亮度和阴影等因素，边界的识别可能会不准确，并且缺乏直接的三维形态信息。结合高分辨率数字高程模型（dem）引入三维信息，有望有效提高地貌特征制图的精度。然而，深度学习方法对标记数据的依赖性使得高质量的标注成为瓶颈。为此，本研究提出了一种利用带有潦草标注的高分辨率dem对火星多类地貌进行地貌制图的潦草到地图框架，有效减少了标注工作量。我们提出的框架基于平均教师弱监督策略，使用可靠和不可靠的伪标签策略来充分利用无标签数据。我们的方法超越了目前的弱监督方法，并取得了与在完全监督下获得的结果相当的结果。在构建的火星地形数据集上的实验结果表明，在1%注释下，测试数据的总体准确率（OA）为92.1%，平均交集（mIoU）为77.1%，与仅使用稀疏注释训练的神经网络相比，分别提高了1.6%和6%。获取的地形测绘结果用于后续的着陆点选择分析。通过计算研究区域内的地貌景观格局度量来表征地貌的区域空间分布，从而提高制图结果对后续着陆点评价的实用性。

{"title":"Scribble-to-map: Geomorphological mapping of multi-class Martian landforms using scribble annotations and high-resolution DEMs","authors":"Rong Huang , Peiqi Ye , Yusheng Xu , Puzuo Wang , Leilei Jiao , Yongjiu Feng , Xiaohua Tong","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2025.106230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pss.2025.106230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study of Martian landforms helps to deepen our understanding of the evolutionary history and climate change of Mars, as well as providing key support for Martian landing site selection missions. Most existing Martian landform recognition work has been carried out through geomorphological mapping of optical imagery; however, the recognition of boundaries may be inaccurate due to factors such as brightness and shadows in the images, and there is a lack of direct three-dimensional morphological information. Introducing three-dimensional information by combining high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) is expected to effectively improve the accuracy of mapping landform features. However, the dependence of deep learning methods on labeled data makes high-quality annotation a bottleneck. To this end, this study proposes a scribble-to-map framework for geomorphological mapping of multi-category landforms on Mars using high-resolution DEMs with scribble annotations, which effectively reduces the annotation workload. Our proposed framework is based on the mean teacher weak supervision strategy, using reliable and unreliable pseudo-label strategies to make full use of unlabeled data. Our method exceeds current weakly supervised methods and achieves results comparable to those obtained under full supervision. Experimental results on a constructed Martian landform dataset show an overall accuracy (OA) of 92.1% and a mean intersection over union (mIoU) of 77.1% on the test data under 1% annotation, representing improvements of 1.6% and 6%, respectively, when compared to neural networks trained with only sparse annotations. The acquired landform mapping results are applied to subsequent landing site selection analyses. We calculate landform landscape pattern metrics within the study region to characterize the regional spatial distribution of landforms, thereby enhancing the utility of mapping results for follow-up landing site evaluation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20054,"journal":{"name":"Planetary and Space Science","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 106230"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145798571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Orbit dissimilarity criteria in meteor showers: A comparative review 流星雨的轨道不相似标准：比较回顾

IF 1.7 4区物理与天体物理 Q3 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS

Planetary and Space Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.pss.2025.106231

Ariane Courtot , Patrick Shober , Jérémie Vaubaillon

In meteor science, the identification of meteor showers is a crucial and complex problem. The most common method is to perform a systematic search of a database of observed orbits using an orbit dissimilarity criterion (D-criterion) and an algorithm. D-criteria compare the result of an orbit dissimilarity function (D-function) and a threshold. These D-functions associate one value to two orbits. If this value is lower than the threshold, the orbits are considered similar. In this paper, we focus on the application of these D-criteria on meteoroid orbits. Group of meteors are thus formed using this method. However, not all D-criteria have been evaluated, and their high number makes it hard to know which should be prioritised. This paper presents a review of each D-function, the tests they passed, the threshold choice, and the algorithms they are used with. The aim is both to clearly present the state of the art on this question but also to analyse what studies are missing on this topic. We show what methods are currently used in the search for meteor showers, presenting statistics based on papers justifying the existence of established meteor showers. This paper presents a review of each D-functions from eight different papers. We describe how thresholds are usually chosen and what clustering algorithms can be used with D-criteria to form meteor groups. We also analyse tests that were performed on D-criteria, showing which results they were able to achieve and where they fell short. We discover that most of these criteria were not properly tested, and that some have been criticised for their theoretical background. Thus, we recommend performing a post-search analysis of the groups found, both in a statistical sense (to make sure the groups formed could not have been formed randomly) and an orbital dynamics sense (to check whether the group could indeed come from a singular parent body), to present the findings as potential meteor showers.

在流星雨科学中，流星雨的识别是一个关键而复杂的问题。最常用的方法是利用轨道不相似判据（d判据）和算法对观测轨道数据库进行系统搜索。d -准则比较轨道不相似函数（d -函数）和阈值的结果。这些d函数把一个值和两个轨道联系起来。如果该值低于阈值，则认为轨道相似。本文重点讨论了这些d准则在流星体轨道上的应用。流星群就是这样用这种方法形成的。然而，并不是所有的d -标准都得到了评估，它们的数量之多使得很难知道哪些应该优先考虑。本文介绍了每个d函数，它们通过的测试，阈值的选择，以及它们所使用的算法。其目的是既要清楚地展示在这个问题上的艺术状态，也要分析在这个主题上缺少什么研究。我们展示了目前用于搜索流星雨的方法，并根据证明已建立的流星雨存在的论文提供统计数据。本文综述了八篇不同论文中的每个d函数。我们描述了阈值通常是如何选择的，以及什么聚类算法可以与d标准一起使用来形成流星群。我们还分析了在d标准上进行的测试，显示了他们能够达到的结果和他们没有达到的结果。我们发现，这些标准中的大多数都没有经过适当的检验，有些标准的理论背景受到了批评。因此，我们建议对发现的星团进行后搜索分析，从统计学意义上（确保形成的星团不是随机形成的）和轨道动力学意义上（检查星团是否确实来自一个单一的母体），将这些发现作为潜在的流星雨呈现出来。

{"title":"Orbit dissimilarity criteria in meteor showers: A comparative review","authors":"Ariane Courtot , Patrick Shober , Jérémie Vaubaillon","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2025.106231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pss.2025.106231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In meteor science, the identification of meteor showers is a crucial and complex problem. The most common method is to perform a systematic search of a database of observed orbits using an orbit dissimilarity criterion (D-criterion) and an algorithm. D-criteria compare the result of an orbit dissimilarity function (D-function) and a threshold. These D-functions associate one value to two orbits. If this value is lower than the threshold, the orbits are considered similar. In this paper, we focus on the application of these D-criteria on meteoroid orbits. Group of meteors are thus formed using this method. However, not all D-criteria have been evaluated, and their high number makes it hard to know which should be prioritised. This paper presents a review of each D-function, the tests they passed, the threshold choice, and the algorithms they are used with. The aim is both to clearly present the state of the art on this question but also to analyse what studies are missing on this topic. We show what methods are currently used in the search for meteor showers, presenting statistics based on papers justifying the existence of established meteor showers. This paper presents a review of each D-functions from eight different papers. We describe how thresholds are usually chosen and what clustering algorithms can be used with D-criteria to form meteor groups. We also analyse tests that were performed on D-criteria, showing which results they were able to achieve and where they fell short. We discover that most of these criteria were not properly tested, and that some have been criticised for their theoretical background. Thus, we recommend performing a post-search analysis of the groups found, both in a statistical sense (to make sure the groups formed could not have been formed randomly) and an orbital dynamics sense (to check whether the group could indeed come from a singular parent body), to present the findings as potential meteor showers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20054,"journal":{"name":"Planetary and Space Science","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 106231"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145749400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Science objectives and mission scenarios for a crewed sortie to the Amundsen rim landing region 科学目标和任务方案的载人出击阿蒙森环着陆区

IF 1.7 4区物理与天体物理 Q3 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS

Planetary and Space Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.pss.2025.106220

Alex Longo, Xiaoming Liu

NASA is assessing a set of regions near the lunar south pole as candidate landing sites for crewed Artemis missions to the Moon. We present the first in-depth geomorphologic study of Amundsen Rim, a landing region directly to the west of the 100-km Amundsen Crater. This analysis is facilitated by open-source imagery and laser altimetry data from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. We identify a level, obstacle-free landing site which meets the performance constraints of the Human Landing System and the mission's science objectives. Within an exploration zone with a radius of 2 km, astronauts can access multiple permanently shadowed regions, the edge of Amundsen's rim, boulders excavated from up to 500 m below the lunar surface, and a crater chain. The landing site is placed in the context of new evidence which supports an igneous origin for the floor of Amundsen Crater. Candidate traverses and field stations for a mission to the site are presented. Multiple high-priority scientific objectives can be addressed on the rim of Amundsen Crater, and it deserves further consideration as a potential destination for crewed lunar landings.

美国宇航局正在评估月球南极附近的一系列地区，作为阿尔忒弥斯载人登月任务的候选着陆点。我们首次对阿蒙森环带进行了深入的地貌学研究，这是一个直接位于100公里阿蒙森陨石坑以西的着陆区域。来自月球勘测轨道器的开源图像和激光测高数据促进了这一分析。我们确定了一个水平的、无障碍的着陆点，它满足人类着陆系统的性能约束和任务的科学目标。在一个半径为2公里的探索区内，宇航员可以进入多个永久阴影区域，阿蒙森边缘的边缘，从月球表面以下500米处挖掘出来的巨石，以及一个陨石坑链。该着陆点被放置在新的证据背景下，这些证据支持阿蒙森陨石坑底部的火成岩起源。介绍了前往该地点执行任务的候选路线和现场站点。在阿蒙森环形山的边缘可以解决多个高优先级的科学目标，它值得进一步考虑作为载人登月的潜在目的地。

{"title":"Science objectives and mission scenarios for a crewed sortie to the Amundsen rim landing region","authors":"Alex Longo, Xiaoming Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2025.106220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pss.2025.106220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>NASA is assessing a set of regions near the lunar south pole as candidate landing sites for crewed Artemis missions to the Moon. We present the first in-depth geomorphologic study of Amundsen Rim, a landing region directly to the west of the 100-km Amundsen Crater. This analysis is facilitated by open-source imagery and laser altimetry data from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. We identify a level, obstacle-free landing site which meets the performance constraints of the Human Landing System and the mission's science objectives. Within an exploration zone with a radius of 2 km, astronauts can access multiple permanently shadowed regions, the edge of Amundsen's rim, boulders excavated from up to 500 m below the lunar surface, and a crater chain. The landing site is placed in the context of new evidence which supports an igneous origin for the floor of Amundsen Crater. Candidate traverses and field stations for a mission to the site are presented. Multiple high-priority scientific objectives can be addressed on the rim of Amundsen Crater, and it deserves further consideration as a potential destination for crewed lunar landings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20054,"journal":{"name":"Planetary and Space Science","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 106220"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145749551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A review of technologies for lunar science, exploration, resources, and settlement 月球科学、探测、资源和定居技术综述

IF 1.7 4区物理与天体物理 Q3 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS

Planetary and Space Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.pss.2025.106229

Jared M. Long-Fox, Humberto Campins, Daniel T. Britt

The everlasting curiosity that humans have always had about the Moon combined with the innate drive to invent and explore our world and beyond has resulted in the development of technologies to enable investigations the Moon from Earth, from space, and from the lunar surface itself. Lunar in situ and remote sensing research have utilized various sensors and tools to perform scientific inquiries into the geologic history as well as the chemical and physical properties of the Moon to inform on Earth and solar system history. The specific sensors, tools, and modes of study (e.g., remote sensing or direct interaction) depend on the science investigations and technology development/demonstration goals, and recent interests in creating a permanent robotic and human presence on the lunar surface are generating new scientific questions, expanded exploration capabilities, and technology needs. This review of post-Space Race scientific lunar surface exploration and resource utilization technologies includes 1) an overview of lunar materials that will be leveraged to enhance exploration and resource utilization capabilities; 2) past, present, and in-development orbital remote sensing and surface-based mapping, resource prospecting, and surface/regolith characterization technologies; 3) regolith acquisition and transport technologies; 4) regolith processing equipment; 5) oxygen, metal, and volatile (e.g., water) extraction processes; 6) technologies and processes for lunar manufacturing for infrastructure development to enable humanity to become a space-faring civilization. Gaps in regolith-focused exploration and resource utilization technologies are identified and recommendations for future developments are made based on these identified gaps.

人类一直对月球有着永恒的好奇心，再加上发明和探索我们的世界以及更远的地方的天生动力，导致了技术的发展，使人们能够从地球、太空和月球表面调查月球。月球原位和遥感研究利用各种传感器和工具对月球的地质历史以及化学和物理性质进行科学调查，以了解地球和太阳系的历史。具体的传感器、工具和研究模式（例如，遥感或直接交互）取决于科学调查和技术发展/演示目标，最近对在月球表面建立永久机器人和人类存在的兴趣正在产生新的科学问题、扩展的探索能力和技术需求。本文对后太空竞赛时期的月球表面科学探测和资源利用技术进行了综述，包括：1)概述了将用于增强探测和资源利用能力的月球材料；2)过去、现在和正在开发的轨道遥感和地表测绘、资源勘探和地表/风化层表征技术；3)风土采集与输送技术；4)风化层处理设备；5)氧气、金属和挥发性（如水）提取工艺；6)月球制造技术和工艺，用于基础设施建设，使人类成为太空文明。确定了以风化层为重点的勘探和资源利用技术方面的差距，并根据这些确定的差距提出了未来发展的建议。

{"title":"A review of technologies for lunar science, exploration, resources, and settlement","authors":"Jared M. Long-Fox, Humberto Campins, Daniel T. Britt","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2025.106229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pss.2025.106229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The everlasting curiosity that humans have always had about the Moon combined with the innate drive to invent and explore our world and beyond has resulted in the development of technologies to enable investigations the Moon from Earth, from space, and from the lunar surface itself. Lunar <em>in situ</em> and remote sensing research have utilized various sensors and tools to perform scientific inquiries into the geologic history as well as the chemical and physical properties of the Moon to inform on Earth and solar system history. The specific sensors, tools, and modes of study (e.g., remote sensing or direct interaction) depend on the science investigations and technology development/demonstration goals, and recent interests in creating a permanent robotic and human presence on the lunar surface are generating new scientific questions, expanded exploration capabilities, and technology needs. This review of post-Space Race scientific lunar surface exploration and resource utilization technologies includes 1) an overview of lunar materials that will be leveraged to enhance exploration and resource utilization capabilities; 2) past, present, and in-development orbital remote sensing and surface-based mapping, resource prospecting, and surface/regolith characterization technologies; 3) regolith acquisition and transport technologies; 4) regolith processing equipment; 5) oxygen, metal, and volatile (e.g., water) extraction processes; 6) technologies and processes for lunar manufacturing for infrastructure development to enable humanity to become a space-faring civilization. Gaps in regolith-focused exploration and resource utilization technologies are identified and recommendations for future developments are made based on these identified gaps.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20054,"journal":{"name":"Planetary and Space Science","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 106229"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145692915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Block-optimized FDAFT feature matching for lunar landing navigation and positioning: Validation with Chang'E−6 data 面向月球着陆导航定位的块优化FDAFT特征匹配：基于嫦娥- 6数据的验证

IF 1.7 4区物理与天体物理 Q3 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS

Planetary and Space Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pss.2025.106221

Shijie Liu , Changding Xu , Guanghan Chu , Yubing Jiao , Qian Huang , Genyi Wan , Baocheng Hua , Tao Li , Yusheng Xu , Xiaohua Tong

Lunar landing optical navigation and positioning is one of the key technologies of the lunar exploration mission. Landing images may exhibit low contrast, leading to weak internal texture features, and may also present significant radiometric discrepancies relative to the reference images. Traditional feature-matching methods are prone to mismatching, making it difficult to accurately determine the position of the lander. In this paper, a block-optimized FDAFT (BOFDAFT, Block-Optimized Fast Double-Channel Aggregated Feature Transform) feature matching algorithm is proposed, which is combined with a position estimation algorithm for lander position estimation. Additionally, a novel metric, referred to as Distribution Uniformity of Matched Points (DUMP), is proposed to quantify the spatial distribution uniformity of the matched points. By comparing with other matching methods, it is verified that the proposed matching algorithm is feasible in a variety of complex scenarios, and the method is validated by using simulation data and Chang'E−6 landing images. The average ratio of the magnitude of position deviation to the lander's altitude is 0.6 %, and the average reprojection absolute error in trajectory recovery of Chang'E−6 landing images is 1.77 pixels. This study has demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method for navigation and position in complex environments, which can provide technical support for future lunar exploration missions.

月球着陆光学导航与定位是月球探测任务的关键技术之一。着陆图像可能呈现低对比度，导致较弱的内部纹理特征，并且可能相对于参考图像呈现显著的辐射差异。传统的特征匹配方法容易出现不匹配，难以准确确定着陆器的位置。本文提出了一种块优化FDAFT （BOFDAFT， block-optimized Fast双通道聚合特征变换）特征匹配算法，并将该算法与位置估计算法相结合，用于着陆器位置估计。此外，本文还提出了一种新的指标——匹配点分布均匀性（DUMP）来量化匹配点的空间分布均匀性。通过与其他匹配方法的对比，验证了所提匹配算法在多种复杂场景下的可行性，并利用仿真数据和嫦娥−6着陆图像对所提匹配方法进行了验证。位置偏差幅度与着陆器高度的平均比值为0.6%，嫦娥6号着陆图像轨迹恢复的平均重投影绝对误差为1.77像素。该研究验证了该方法在复杂环境下导航定位的有效性，可为未来月球探测任务提供技术支持。

{"title":"Block-optimized FDAFT feature matching for lunar landing navigation and positioning: Validation with Chang'E−6 data","authors":"Shijie Liu , Changding Xu , Guanghan Chu , Yubing Jiao , Qian Huang , Genyi Wan , Baocheng Hua , Tao Li , Yusheng Xu , Xiaohua Tong","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2025.106221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pss.2025.106221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lunar landing optical navigation and positioning is one of the key technologies of the lunar exploration mission. Landing images may exhibit low contrast, leading to weak internal texture features, and may also present significant radiometric discrepancies relative to the reference images. Traditional feature-matching methods are prone to mismatching, making it difficult to accurately determine the position of the lander. In this paper, a block-optimized FDAFT (BOFDAFT, Block-Optimized Fast Double-Channel Aggregated Feature Transform) feature matching algorithm is proposed, which is combined with a position estimation algorithm for lander position estimation. Additionally, a novel metric, referred to as Distribution Uniformity of Matched Points (DUMP), is proposed to quantify the spatial distribution uniformity of the matched points. By comparing with other matching methods, it is verified that the proposed matching algorithm is feasible in a variety of complex scenarios, and the method is validated by using simulation data and Chang'E−6 landing images. The average ratio of the magnitude of position deviation to the lander's altitude is 0.6 %, and the average reprojection absolute error in trajectory recovery of Chang'E−6 landing images is 1.77 pixels. This study has demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method for navigation and position in complex environments, which can provide technical support for future lunar exploration missions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20054,"journal":{"name":"Planetary and Space Science","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 106221"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145749398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Open-set mineral identification from CRISM hyperspectral data 基于CRISM高光谱数据的开集矿物识别

IF 1.7 4区物理与天体物理 Q3 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS

Planetary and Space Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pss.2025.106218

Sandeepan Dhoundiyal , Moni Shankar Dey , Shashikant Singh , Pattathal V. Arun , Guneshwar Thangjam , Alok Porwal

Accurately identifying minerals from space-borne hyperspectral data is critical in various earth observation tasks as well as in planetary remote sensing; however, it involves unique challenges which limit the applicability of standard algorithms for segmenting hyperspectral images and necessitates the development of specialized approaches tailored to mineral mapping. This paper evaluates the efficacy of various classification algorithms and ensembling strategies for mapping minerals over data from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM). Using insights from this analysis, a novel algorithm that utilizes an ensemble of Support Vector Machines, each trained over a random subset of bands, and Extreme Value Analysis to identify minerals under an open-set regime is proposed. This algorithm returns Kappa

= 0.89

over

\sim 470000

samples from the CRISM machine learning toolkit’s mineral dataset.

从星载高光谱数据中准确识别矿物对于各种地球观测任务以及行星遥感至关重要；然而，它涉及独特的挑战，这些挑战限制了分割高光谱图像的标准算法的适用性，并且需要开发适合矿物测绘的专门方法。本文评估了基于火星紧凑型侦察成像光谱仪（CRISM）数据绘制矿物地图的各种分类算法和集成策略的有效性。利用这一分析的见解，提出了一种新的算法，该算法利用支持向量机的集合，每个支持向量机都在一个随机的波段子集上进行训练，并使用极值分析来识别开放集制度下的矿物。该算法从CRISM机器学习工具包的矿物数据集中返回Kappa =0.89。

{"title":"Open-set mineral identification from CRISM hyperspectral data","authors":"Sandeepan Dhoundiyal , Moni Shankar Dey , Shashikant Singh , Pattathal V. Arun , Guneshwar Thangjam , Alok Porwal","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2025.106218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pss.2025.106218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurately identifying minerals from space-borne hyperspectral data is critical in various earth observation tasks as well as in planetary remote sensing; however, it involves unique challenges which limit the applicability of standard algorithms for segmenting hyperspectral images and necessitates the development of specialized approaches tailored to mineral mapping. This paper evaluates the efficacy of various classification algorithms and ensembling strategies for mapping minerals over data from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM). Using insights from this analysis, a novel algorithm that utilizes an ensemble of Support Vector Machines, each trained over a random subset of bands, and Extreme Value Analysis to identify minerals under an open-set regime is proposed. This algorithm returns Kappa <span><math><mrow><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>89</mn></mrow></math></span> over <span><math><mrow><mo>∼</mo><mn>470000</mn></mrow></math></span> samples from the CRISM machine learning toolkit’s mineral dataset.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20054,"journal":{"name":"Planetary and Space Science","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 106218"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145621251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Testing the binarity of asteroid (720) Bohlinia using lightcurve analysis 用光曲线分析测试小行星（720）Bohlinia的二元性

IF 1.7 4区物理与天体物理 Q3 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS

Planetary and Space Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pss.2025.106217

Denis L. Gorshanov, Iraida A. Sokova, Svetlana N. Petrova, Konstantin N. Naumov, Amir Kh. Aliev

A program of observations of asteroids suspected of being binary has been launched at the Pulkovo Observatory in order to search for features inherent in binary asteroids in their lightcurves. The first asteroid observed was asteroid (720) Bohlinia. The following results were obtained from observations performed in September–October 2024. The rotation period of the asteroid (its main component) was confirmed: P = 8.9183 ± 0.0016 h. A decrease in brightness was detected in five segments, which can be interpreted as a result of mutual phenomena (eclipses and occultations) of the primary and secondary components. The recurrence period of the phenomena (the orbital period of the asteroid's satellite) is 17.418 ± 0.006 or 34.836 ± 0.008 h. In the segments of the lightcurve located outside the supposed mutual phenomena, brightness variations were detected, presumably caused by the axial rotation of the satellite with a period of P_Sat = 1.932 ± 0.003 h. Taking into account the above values obtained from the observations, a numerical model of the binary system was constructed. The selection of its parameters showed that ten variants of the set of parameters are possible, satisfying the observational data: ratio of the sizes of the components, the satellite's orbital period, its orbital inclination (±14°, ±18°, ±21°), the direction of revolution relative to the rotation of the main component and the type of observed mutual phenomena (frontal or back. A forecast was made of the time intervals in which mutual phenomena in the system of components of the asteroid should be expected in the upcoming period of its observability (September–December 2025).

普尔科沃天文台启动了一项对疑似双星小行星的观测计划，目的是在双星小行星的光曲线中寻找其固有特征。第一个被观测到的小行星是小行星（720）Bohlinia。2024年9 - 10月的观测结果如下：确定了小行星（其主成分）的自转周期：P = 8.9183±0.0016 h。在5个片段中检测到亮度下降，这可以解释为主成分和副成分相互现象（日食和掩星）的结果。该现象的重复周期（小行星卫星的轨道周期）为17.418±0.006或34.836±0.008 h。在假定相互现象之外的光曲线段，检测到亮度变化，可能是由卫星的轴向旋转引起的，周期为PSat = 1.932±0.003 h。根据上述观测值，构建了双星系统的数值模型。参数的选择表明，该参数集有10种可能的变化，满足观测数据：组件尺寸比、卫星轨道周期、轨道倾角（±14°、±18°、±21°）、相对于主组件旋转的公转方向和观测到的相互现象类型（正面或背面）。预测了在即将到来的小行星可观测期（2025年9月至12月），该小行星组成系统中相互现象的时间间隔。

{"title":"Testing the binarity of asteroid (720) Bohlinia using lightcurve analysis","authors":"Denis L. Gorshanov, Iraida A. Sokova, Svetlana N. Petrova, Konstantin N. Naumov, Amir Kh. Aliev","doi":"10.1016/j.pss.2025.106217","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pss.2025.106217","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A program of observations of asteroids suspected of being binary has been launched at the Pulkovo Observatory in order to search for features inherent in binary asteroids in their lightcurves. The first asteroid observed was asteroid (720) Bohlinia. The following results were obtained from observations performed in September–October 2024. The rotation period of the asteroid (its main component) was confirmed: <em>P =</em> 8.9183 ± 0.0016 h. A decrease in brightness was detected in five segments, which can be interpreted as a result of mutual phenomena (eclipses and occultations) of the primary and secondary components. The recurrence period of the phenomena (the orbital period of the asteroid's satellite) is 17.418 ± 0.006 or 34.836 ± 0.008 h. In the segments of the lightcurve located outside the supposed mutual phenomena, brightness variations were detected, presumably caused by the axial rotation of the satellite with a period of <em>P</em><sub>Sat</sub> = 1.932 ± 0.003 h. Taking into account the above values obtained from the observations, a numerical model of the binary system was constructed. The selection of its parameters showed that ten variants of the set of parameters are possible, satisfying the observational data: ratio of the sizes of the components, the satellite's orbital period, its orbital inclination (±14°, ±18°, ±21°), the direction of revolution relative to the rotation of the main component and the type of observed mutual phenomena (frontal or back. A forecast was made of the time intervals in which mutual phenomena in the system of components of the asteroid should be expected in the upcoming period of its observability (September–December 2025).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20054,"journal":{"name":"Planetary and Space Science","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 106217"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145621252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

“An alternative perspective on the nature of sulfur isotopic variability measured in Chang'e 5 glass beads” “对嫦娥五号玻璃珠中硫同位素变化性质的另一种看法”

IF 1.7 4区物理与天体物理 Q3 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS

Planetary and Space Science

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.pss.2025.106219

James W. Dottin III

Using in-situ sulfur isotope measurements of glass beads from a Chang'e 5 lunar soil, Wang et al. (2024) argue that volcanism on the moon persisted until 120 Ma. This study critically evaluates their argument using current knowledge of in-situ measurement practices and the existing literature on S-isotope fraction mechanisms. This study argues that the sulfur isotope data used as a mechanism for identifying impact glass beads versus volcanic glass beads was collected and interpreted improperly, while further failing to consider plausible alternative hypotheses. The largest fractionations in the “impact” glass beads could represent mixing with background sulfur in the instrument rather than S loss during impacts. The fractionation among the “volcanic” glass beads may be an issue of instrumental mass fractionation corrections from improper standardization or a previously unidentified lunar sulfur reservoir, rather than S loss during lunar volcanism.

Wang等人（2024）通过对嫦娥五号月球土壤玻璃珠的硫同位素原位测量，认为月球上的火山活动持续到120 Ma。本研究利用现有的原位测量实践知识和现有的s同位素分数机制文献，批判性地评估了他们的论点。本研究认为，作为识别撞击玻璃珠与火山玻璃珠的机制的硫同位素数据收集和解释不当，同时进一步未能考虑合理的替代假设。“撞击”玻璃珠中最大的分馏可能代表仪器中与背景硫的混合，而不是撞击过程中硫的损失。“火山”玻璃珠之间的分馏可能是由于标准化不当或先前未识别的月球硫储层造成的仪器质量分馏校正问题，而不是月球火山作用期间的S损失。

引用次数: 0