A sexually and vegetatively reproducible diploid seedless watermelon inducer via ClHAP2 mutation

Seedless watermelon production relies on triploid cultivation or the application of plant growth regulators. However, challenges such as chromosomal imbalances in triploid varieties and concerns about food safety with growth regulator application impede progress. To tackle these challenges, we developed a sexually and vegetatively reproducible inducer line of diploid seedless watermelon by disrupting the double fertilization process. This innovative approach has enabled the successful induction of diploid seedless watermelon across diverse varieties. A study developed a universal seedless watermelon inducer line using CRISPR/Cas9 to knock out the HAP2 gene, simplifying the breeding process and addressing food safety concerns. This method may also apply to other crops such as cherries or grapes.