Effective lateral dispersion of momentum, heat and mass in bubbling fluidized beds

The lateral dispersion of bed material in a bubbling fluidized bed is a key parameter in the prediction of the effective in-bed heat transfer and transport of heterogenous reactants, properties important for the successful design and scale-up of thermal and/or chemical processes. Computational fluid dynamics simulations offer means to investigate such beds in silico and derive effective parameters for reduced-order models. In this work, we use the Eulerian-Eulerian two-fluid model with the kinetic theory of granular flow to perform numerical simulations of solids mixing and heat transfer in bubbling fluidized beds. We extract the lateral solids dispersion coefficient using four different methods: by fitting the transient response of the bed to (1) an ideal heat or (2) mass transfer problem, (3) by extracting the time-averaged heat transfer behavior and (4) through a momentum transfer approach in an analogy with single-phase turbulence. The method (2) fitting against a mass transfer problem is found to produce robust results at a reasonable computational cost when assessed against experiments. Furthermore, the gas inlet boundary condition is shown to have a significant effect on the prediction, indicating a need to account for nozzle characteristics when simulating industrial cases.