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{"title":"生物植入级热轧纯镁中由孪晶介导的各向异性断裂行为","authors":"Prakash C. Gautam, Somjeet Biswas","doi":"10.1016/j.jma.2024.09.013","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Bioimplant grade hot-rolled magnesium with equiaxed microstructure and basal texture was examined for fracture toughness (FT) anisotropy using fatigue pre-cracked single-edge notch bending specimens with the notch, <em>a<sub>n</sub></em> ∥, ⊥ and 45° to rolling direction (RD). Due to adequate crack-tip plasticity, the size-independent elastic-plastic fracture toughness (<em>J<sub>IC</sub></em>) were determined. Anisotropic <em>J<sub>IC</sub></em> was observed due to different twin lamellae formation w.r.t. notch owing to the initial basal texture with <span><span style=\"\"></span><span data-mathml='<math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow is=\"true\"><mo is=\"true\">{</mo><mrow is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">10</mn><mover accent=\"true\" is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">1</mn><mo is=\"true\">&#xAF;</mo></mover><mn is=\"true\">0</mn></mrow><mo is=\"true\">}</mo></mrow></math>' role=\"presentation\" style=\"font-size: 90%; display: inline-block; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"2.779ex\" role=\"img\" style=\"vertical-align: -0.812ex;\" viewbox=\"0 -846.5 3073 1196.3\" width=\"7.137ex\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"0\" transform=\"matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)\"><g is=\"true\"><use is=\"true\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-7B\"></use><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(500,0)\"><g is=\"true\"><use xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-31\"></use><use x=\"500\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-30\" y=\"0\"></use></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(1001,0)\"><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(35,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-31\"></use></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(0,198)\"><use x=\"-70\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-AF\" y=\"0\"></use><use x=\"70\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-AF\" y=\"0\"></use></g></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(1571,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-30\"></use></g></g><use is=\"true\" x=\"2572\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-7D\" y=\"0\"></use></g></g></svg><span role=\"presentation\"><math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow is=\"true\"><mo is=\"true\">{</mo><mrow is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">10</mn><mover accent=\"true\" is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">1</mn><mo is=\"true\">¯</mo></mover><mn is=\"true\">0</mn></mrow><mo is=\"true\">}</mo></mrow></math></span></span><script type=\"math/mml\"><math><mrow is=\"true\"><mo is=\"true\">{</mo><mrow is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">10</mn><mover accent=\"true\" is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">1</mn><mo is=\"true\">¯</mo></mover><mn is=\"true\">0</mn></mrow><mo is=\"true\">}</mo></mrow></math></script></span> and <span><span style=\"\"></span><span data-mathml='<math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow is=\"true\"><mo is=\"true\">{</mo><mrow is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">11</mn><mover accent=\"true\" is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">2</mn><mo is=\"true\">&#xAF;</mo></mover><mn is=\"true\">0</mn></mrow><mo is=\"true\">}</mo></mrow></math>' role=\"presentation\" style=\"font-size: 90%; display: inline-block; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"2.779ex\" role=\"img\" style=\"vertical-align: -0.812ex;\" viewbox=\"0 -846.5 3073 1196.3\" width=\"7.137ex\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"0\" transform=\"matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)\"><g is=\"true\"><use is=\"true\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-7B\"></use><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(500,0)\"><g is=\"true\"><use xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-31\"></use><use x=\"500\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-31\" y=\"0\"></use></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(1001,0)\"><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(35,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-32\"></use></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(0,198)\"><use x=\"-70\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-AF\" y=\"0\"></use><use x=\"70\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-AF\" y=\"0\"></use></g></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(1571,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-30\"></use></g></g><use is=\"true\" x=\"2572\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-7D\" y=\"0\"></use></g></g></svg><span role=\"presentation\"><math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow is=\"true\"><mo is=\"true\">{</mo><mrow is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">11</mn><mover accent=\"true\" is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">2</mn><mo is=\"true\">¯</mo></mover><mn is=\"true\">0</mn></mrow><mo is=\"true\">}</mo></mrow></math></span></span><script type=\"math/mml\"><math><mrow is=\"true\"><mo is=\"true\">{</mo><mrow is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">11</mn><mover accent=\"true\" is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">2</mn><mo is=\"true\">¯</mo></mover><mn is=\"true\">0</mn></mrow><mo is=\"true\">}</mo></mrow></math></script></span> poles mostly ∥ and ⊥ to RD. The out-of-plane tensile stresses activated the <span><span style=\"\"></span><span data-mathml='<math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow is=\"true\"><mrow is=\"true\"><mo is=\"true\">{</mo><mrow is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">10</mn><mover accent=\"true\" is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">1</mn><mo is=\"true\">&#xAF;</mo></mover><mn is=\"true\">2</mn></mrow><mo is=\"true\">}</mo></mrow><mrow is=\"true\"><mo is=\"true\">&#x3008;</mo><mrow is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">10</mn><mover accent=\"true\" is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">1</mn><mo is=\"true\">&#xAF;</mo></mover><mn is=\"true\">1</mn></mrow><mo is=\"true\">&#x3009;</mo></mrow></mrow></math>' role=\"presentation\" style=\"font-size: 90%; display: inline-block; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"2.779ex\" role=\"img\" style=\"vertical-align: -0.812ex;\" viewbox=\"0 -846.5 6090.7 1196.3\" width=\"14.146ex\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"0\" transform=\"matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)\"><g is=\"true\"><g is=\"true\"><use is=\"true\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-7B\"></use><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(500,0)\"><g is=\"true\"><use xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-31\"></use><use x=\"500\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-30\" y=\"0\"></use></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(1001,0)\"><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(35,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-31\"></use></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(0,198)\"><use x=\"-70\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-AF\" y=\"0\"></use><use x=\"70\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-AF\" y=\"0\"></use></g></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(1571,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-32\"></use></g></g><use is=\"true\" x=\"2572\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-7D\" y=\"0\"></use></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(3239,0)\"><use is=\"true\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-27E8\"></use><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(389,0)\"><g is=\"true\"><use xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-31\"></use><use x=\"500\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-30\" y=\"0\"></use></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(1001,0)\"><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(35,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-31\"></use></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(0,198)\"><use x=\"-70\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-AF\" y=\"0\"></use><use x=\"70\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-AF\" y=\"0\"></use></g></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(1571,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-31\"></use></g></g><use is=\"true\" x=\"2461\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-27E9\" y=\"0\"></use></g></g></g></svg><span role=\"presentation\"><math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow is=\"true\"><mrow is=\"true\"><mo is=\"true\">{</mo><mrow is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">10</mn><mover accent=\"true\" is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">1</mn><mo is=\"true\">¯</mo></mover><mn is=\"true\">2</mn></mrow><mo is=\"true\">}</mo></mrow><mrow is=\"true\"><mo is=\"true\">〈</mo><mrow is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">10</mn><mover accent=\"true\" is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">1</mn><mo is=\"true\">¯</mo></mover><mn is=\"true\">1</mn></mrow><mo is=\"true\">〉</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span></span><script type=\"math/mml\"><math><mrow is=\"true\"><mrow is=\"true\"><mo is=\"true\">{</mo><mrow is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">10</mn><mover accent=\"true\" is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">1</mn><mo is=\"true\">¯</mo></mover><mn is=\"true\">2</mn></mrow><mo is=\"true\">}</mo></mrow><mrow is=\"true\"><mo is=\"true\">〈</mo><mrow is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">10</mn><mover accent=\"true\" is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">1</mn><mo is=\"true\">¯</mo></mover><mn is=\"true\">1</mn></mrow><mo is=\"true\">〉</mo></mrow></mrow></math></script></span> extension twins (ET) as usual with matrix-ET Σ15b coincident site lattice boundary (CSLB) interfaces. While the in-plane tensile stress ⊥ to the crack-tip activated <span><span style=\"\"></span><span data-mathml='<math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow is=\"true\"><mrow is=\"true\"><mo is=\"true\">{</mo><mrow is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">10</mn><mover accent=\"true\" is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">1</mn><mo is=\"true\">&#xAF;</mo></mover><mn is=\"true\">1</mn></mrow><mo is=\"true\">}</mo></mrow><mrow is=\"true\"><mo is=\"true\">&#x3008;</mo><mrow is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">10</mn><mover accent=\"true\" is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">1</mn><mo is=\"true\">&#xAF;</mo></mover><mn is=\"true\">2</mn></mrow><mo is=\"true\">&#x3009;</mo></mrow></mrow></math>' role=\"presentation\" style=\"font-size: 90%; display: inline-block; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"2.779ex\" role=\"img\" style=\"vertical-align: -0.812ex;\" viewbox=\"0 -846.5 6090.7 1196.3\" width=\"14.146ex\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"0\" transform=\"matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)\"><g is=\"true\"><g is=\"true\"><use is=\"true\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-7B\"></use><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(500,0)\"><g is=\"true\"><use xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-31\"></use><use x=\"500\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-30\" y=\"0\"></use></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(1001,0)\"><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(35,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-31\"></use></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(0,198)\"><use x=\"-70\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-AF\" y=\"0\"></use><use x=\"70\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-AF\" y=\"0\"></use></g></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(1571,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-31\"></use></g></g><use is=\"true\" x=\"2572\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-7D\" y=\"0\"></use></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(3239,0)\"><use is=\"true\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-27E8\"></use><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(389,0)\"><g is=\"true\"><use xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-31\"></use><use x=\"500\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-30\" y=\"0\"></use></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(1001,0)\"><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(35,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-31\"></use></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(0,198)\"><use x=\"-70\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-AF\" y=\"0\"></use><use x=\"70\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-AF\" y=\"0\"></use></g></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(1571,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-32\"></use></g></g><use is=\"true\" x=\"2461\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-27E9\" y=\"0\"></use></g></g></g></svg><span role=\"presentation\"><math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow is=\"true\"><mrow is=\"true\"><mo is=\"true\">{</mo><mrow is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">10</mn><mover accent=\"true\" is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">1</mn><mo is=\"true\">¯</mo></mover><mn is=\"true\">1</mn></mrow><mo is=\"true\">}</mo></mrow><mrow is=\"true\"><mo is=\"true\">〈</mo><mrow is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">10</mn><mover accent=\"true\" is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">1</mn><mo is=\"true\">¯</mo></mover><mn is=\"true\">2</mn></mrow><mo is=\"true\">〉</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span></span><script type=\"math/mml\"><math><mrow is=\"true\"><mrow is=\"true\"><mo is=\"true\">{</mo><mrow is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">10</mn><mover accent=\"true\" is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">1</mn><mo is=\"true\">¯</mo></mover><mn is=\"true\">1</mn></mrow><mo is=\"true\">}</mo></mrow><mrow is=\"true\"><mo is=\"true\">〈</mo><mrow is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">10</mn><mover accent=\"true\" is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">1</mn><mo is=\"true\">¯</mo></mover><mn is=\"true\">2</mn></mrow><mo is=\"true\">〉</mo></mrow></mrow></math></script></span> contraction twins (CT) that transform into <span><span style=\"\"></span><span data-mathml='<math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow is=\"true\"><mo is=\"true\">{</mo><mrow is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">10</mn><mover accent=\"true\" is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">1</mn><mo is=\"true\">&#xAF;</mo></mover><mn is=\"true\">1</mn></mrow><mo is=\"true\">}</mo></mrow></math>' role=\"presentation\" style=\"font-size: 90%; display: inline-block; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"2.779ex\" role=\"img\" style=\"vertical-align: -0.812ex;\" viewbox=\"0 -846.5 3073 1196.3\" width=\"7.137ex\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"0\" transform=\"matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)\"><g is=\"true\"><use is=\"true\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-7B\"></use><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(500,0)\"><g is=\"true\"><use xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-31\"></use><use x=\"500\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-30\" y=\"0\"></use></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(1001,0)\"><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(35,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-31\"></use></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(0,198)\"><use x=\"-70\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-AF\" y=\"0\"></use><use x=\"70\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-AF\" y=\"0\"></use></g></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(1571,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-31\"></use></g></g><use is=\"true\" x=\"2572\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-7D\" y=\"0\"></use></g></g></svg><span role=\"presentation\"><math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow is=\"true\"><mo is=\"true\">{</mo><mrow is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">10</mn><mover accent=\"true\" is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">1</mn><mo is=\"true\">¯</mo></mover><mn is=\"true\">1</mn></mrow><mo is=\"true\">}</mo></mrow></math></span></span><script type=\"math/mml\"><math><mrow is=\"true\"><mo is=\"true\">{</mo><mrow is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">10</mn><mover accent=\"true\" is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">1</mn><mo is=\"true\">¯</mo></mover><mn is=\"true\">1</mn></mrow><mo is=\"true\">}</mo></mrow></math></script></span>-<span><span style=\"\"></span><span data-mathml='<math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow is=\"true\"><mo is=\"true\">{</mo><mrow is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">10</mn><mover accent=\"true\" is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">1</mn><mo is=\"true\">&#xAF;</mo></mover><mn is=\"true\">2</mn></mrow><mo is=\"true\">}</mo></mrow></math>' role=\"presentation\" style=\"font-size: 90%; display: inline-block; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"2.779ex\" role=\"img\" style=\"vertical-align: -0.812ex;\" viewbox=\"0 -846.5 3073 1196.3\" width=\"7.137ex\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"0\" transform=\"matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)\"><g is=\"true\"><use is=\"true\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-7B\"></use><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(500,0)\"><g is=\"true\"><use xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-31\"></use><use x=\"500\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-30\" y=\"0\"></use></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(1001,0)\"><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(35,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-31\"></use></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(0,198)\"><use x=\"-70\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-AF\" y=\"0\"></use><use x=\"70\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-AF\" y=\"0\"></use></g></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(1571,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-32\"></use></g></g><use is=\"true\" x=\"2572\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-7D\" y=\"0\"></use></g></g></svg><span role=\"presentation\"><math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow is=\"true\"><mo is=\"true\">{</mo><mrow is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">10</mn><mover accent=\"true\" is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">1</mn><mo is=\"true\">¯</mo></mover><mn is=\"true\">2</mn></mrow><mo is=\"true\">}</mo></mrow></math></span></span><script type=\"math/mml\"><math><mrow is=\"true\"><mo is=\"true\">{</mo><mrow is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">10</mn><mover accent=\"true\" is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">1</mn><mo is=\"true\">¯</mo></mover><mn is=\"true\">2</mn></mrow><mo is=\"true\">}</mo></mrow></math></script></span> double twins (DT) with matrix-DT Σ23b and Σ15a CSLBs. For <em>a<sub>n</sub></em>∥ RD, large DT lamellae fraction formed at ∼30° and few ETs at ∼30° and ∼90° to the notch with crack growth mainly via the Σ23b/Σ15a CSLB interfaces during FT. While, significant DT and ET lamellae developed at ∼0° and ∼60° with cracking via the matrix-DT Σ23b/Σ15a and matrix-ET Σ15b CSLBs for <em>a<sub>n</sub></em>⊥ RD. The DT and ET lamellae activated at ∼15°, and the crack propagated through Σ15b for <span><span style=\"\"></span><span data-mathml='<math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow is=\"true\"><msub is=\"true\"><mi is=\"true\">a</mi><mi is=\"true\">n</mi></msub><mo is=\"true\">&#x223C;</mo><msup is=\"true\"><mrow is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">45</mn></mrow><mo is=\"true\">&#x2218;</mo></msup></mrow></math>' role=\"presentation\" style=\"font-size: 90%; display: inline-block; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"2.432ex\" role=\"img\" style=\"vertical-align: -0.582ex;\" viewbox=\"0 -796.9 3843.1 1047.3\" width=\"8.926ex\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"0\" transform=\"matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)\"><g is=\"true\"><g is=\"true\"><g is=\"true\"><use xlink:href=\"#MJMATHI-61\"></use></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(529,-150)\"><use transform=\"scale(0.707)\" xlink:href=\"#MJMATHI-6E\"></use></g></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(1331,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-223C\"></use></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(2388,0)\"><g is=\"true\"><g is=\"true\"><use xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-34\"></use><use x=\"500\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-35\" y=\"0\"></use></g></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(1001,404)\"><use transform=\"scale(0.707)\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-2218\"></use></g></g></g></g></svg><span role=\"presentation\"><math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow is=\"true\"><msub is=\"true\"><mi is=\"true\">a</mi><mi is=\"true\">n</mi></msub><mo is=\"true\">∼</mo><msup is=\"true\"><mrow is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">45</mn></mrow><mo is=\"true\">∘</mo></msup></mrow></math></span></span><script type=\"math/mml\"><math><mrow is=\"true\"><msub is=\"true\"><mi is=\"true\">a</mi><mi is=\"true\">n</mi></msub><mo is=\"true\">∼</mo><msup is=\"true\"><mrow is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">45</mn></mrow><mo is=\"true\">∘</mo></msup></mrow></math></script></span> to RD. The <em>J<sub>IC</sub></em> and the crack-tip plastic zone decreases, while the elastic component of the J-integral (<em>J<sub>el</sub></em>) and the ET formation increases from <em>a<sub>n</sub></em>∥, ⊥, to <span><span style=\"\"></span><span data-mathml='<math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow is=\"true\"><mo is=\"true\">&#x223C;</mo><msup is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">45</mn><mo is=\"true\">&#x2218;</mo></msup></mrow></math>' role=\"presentation\" style=\"font-size: 90%; display: inline-block; position: relative;\" tabindex=\"0\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" height=\"2.086ex\" role=\"img\" style=\"vertical-align: -0.235ex;\" viewbox=\"0 -796.9 2511.2 898.2\" width=\"5.832ex\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"0\" transform=\"matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)\"><g is=\"true\"><g is=\"true\"><use xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-223C\"></use></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(1056,0)\"><g is=\"true\"><use xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-34\"></use><use x=\"500\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-35\" y=\"0\"></use></g><g is=\"true\" transform=\"translate(1001,404)\"><use transform=\"scale(0.707)\" xlink:href=\"#MJMAIN-2218\"></use></g></g></g></g></svg><span role=\"presentation\"><math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"><mrow is=\"true\"><mo is=\"true\">∼</mo><msup is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">45</mn><mo is=\"true\">∘</mo></msup></mrow></math></span></span><script type=\"math/mml\"><math><mrow is=\"true\"><mo is=\"true\">∼</mo><msup is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">45</mn><mo is=\"true\">∘</mo></msup></mrow></math></script></span> to RD. The strain incompatibility of matrices was higher with the geometrically hard ETs than DTs. Thus, brittle interlamellar cracking occurred through the Σ15b interfaces. In contrast, almost similar and higher crack-tip plasticity occurred in matrix and DT domains during crack propagation via Σ23b/Σ15a CSLBs. Crack growth through Σ23b/Σ15a led to high <em>J<sub>IC</sub></em>, both Σ15b and Σ23b/Σ15a led to moderate <em>J<sub>IC</sub></em>, and Σ15b least <em>J<sub>IC</sub></em> for <em>a<sub>n</sub></em> ∥, ⊥ and 45° to RD, respectively.","PeriodicalId":16214,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":15.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Twinning mediated anisotropic fracture behavior in bioimplant grade hot-rolled pure magnesium\",\"authors\":\"Prakash C. Gautam, Somjeet Biswas\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.jma.2024.09.013\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Bioimplant grade hot-rolled magnesium with equiaxed microstructure and basal texture was examined for fracture toughness (FT) anisotropy using fatigue pre-cracked single-edge notch bending specimens with the notch, <em>a<sub>n</sub></em> ∥, ⊥ and 45° to rolling direction (RD). Due to adequate crack-tip plasticity, the size-independent elastic-plastic fracture toughness (<em>J<sub>IC</sub></em>) were determined. 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While the in-plane tensile stress ⊥ to the crack-tip activated <span><span style=\\\"\\\"></span><span data-mathml='<math xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\"><mrow is=\\\"true\\\"><mrow is=\\\"true\\\"><mo is=\\\"true\\\">{</mo><mrow is=\\\"true\\\"><mn is=\\\"true\\\">10</mn><mover accent=\\\"true\\\" is=\\\"true\\\"><mn is=\\\"true\\\">1</mn><mo is=\\\"true\\\">&#xAF;</mo></mover><mn is=\\\"true\\\">1</mn></mrow><mo is=\\\"true\\\">}</mo></mrow><mrow is=\\\"true\\\"><mo is=\\\"true\\\">&#x3008;</mo><mrow is=\\\"true\\\"><mn is=\\\"true\\\">10</mn><mover accent=\\\"true\\\" is=\\\"true\\\"><mn is=\\\"true\\\">1</mn><mo is=\\\"true\\\">&#xAF;</mo></mover><mn is=\\\"true\\\">2</mn></mrow><mo is=\\\"true\\\">&#x3009;</mo></mrow></mrow></math>' role=\\\"presentation\\\" style=\\\"font-size: 90%; display: inline-block; position: relative;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><svg aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" focusable=\\\"false\\\" height=\\\"2.779ex\\\" role=\\\"img\\\" style=\\\"vertical-align: -0.812ex;\\\" viewbox=\\\"0 -846.5 6090.7 1196.3\\\" width=\\\"14.146ex\\\" xmlns:xlink=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\\\"><g fill=\\\"currentColor\\\" stroke=\\\"currentColor\\\" stroke-width=\\\"0\\\" transform=\\\"matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)\\\"><g is=\\\"true\\\"><g is=\\\"true\\\"><use is=\\\"true\\\" xlink:href=\\\"#MJMAIN-7B\\\"></use><g is=\\\"true\\\" transform=\\\"translate(500,0)\\\"><g is=\\\"true\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#MJMAIN-31\\\"></use><use x=\\\"500\\\" xlink:href=\\\"#MJMAIN-30\\\" y=\\\"0\\\"></use></g><g is=\\\"true\\\" transform=\\\"translate(1001,0)\\\"><g is=\\\"true\\\" transform=\\\"translate(35,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#MJMAIN-31\\\"></use></g><g is=\\\"true\\\" transform=\\\"translate(0,198)\\\"><use x=\\\"-70\\\" xlink:href=\\\"#MJMAIN-AF\\\" y=\\\"0\\\"></use><use x=\\\"70\\\" xlink:href=\\\"#MJMAIN-AF\\\" y=\\\"0\\\"></use></g></g><g is=\\\"true\\\" transform=\\\"translate(1571,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#MJMAIN-31\\\"></use></g></g><use is=\\\"true\\\" x=\\\"2572\\\" xlink:href=\\\"#MJMAIN-7D\\\" y=\\\"0\\\"></use></g><g is=\\\"true\\\" transform=\\\"translate(3239,0)\\\"><use is=\\\"true\\\" xlink:href=\\\"#MJMAIN-27E8\\\"></use><g is=\\\"true\\\" transform=\\\"translate(389,0)\\\"><g is=\\\"true\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#MJMAIN-31\\\"></use><use x=\\\"500\\\" xlink:href=\\\"#MJMAIN-30\\\" y=\\\"0\\\"></use></g><g is=\\\"true\\\" transform=\\\"translate(1001,0)\\\"><g is=\\\"true\\\" transform=\\\"translate(35,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#MJMAIN-31\\\"></use></g><g is=\\\"true\\\" transform=\\\"translate(0,198)\\\"><use x=\\\"-70\\\" xlink:href=\\\"#MJMAIN-AF\\\" y=\\\"0\\\"></use><use x=\\\"70\\\" xlink:href=\\\"#MJMAIN-AF\\\" y=\\\"0\\\"></use></g></g><g is=\\\"true\\\" transform=\\\"translate(1571,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#MJMAIN-32\\\"></use></g></g><use is=\\\"true\\\" x=\\\"2461\\\" xlink:href=\\\"#MJMAIN-27E9\\\" y=\\\"0\\\"></use></g></g></g></svg><span role=\\\"presentation\\\"><math xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\"><mrow is=\\\"true\\\"><mrow is=\\\"true\\\"><mo is=\\\"true\\\">{</mo><mrow is=\\\"true\\\"><mn is=\\\"true\\\">10</mn><mover accent=\\\"true\\\" is=\\\"true\\\"><mn is=\\\"true\\\">1</mn><mo is=\\\"true\\\">¯</mo></mover><mn is=\\\"true\\\">1</mn></mrow><mo is=\\\"true\\\">}</mo></mrow><mrow is=\\\"true\\\"><mo is=\\\"true\\\">〈</mo><mrow is=\\\"true\\\"><mn is=\\\"true\\\">10</mn><mover accent=\\\"true\\\" is=\\\"true\\\"><mn is=\\\"true\\\">1</mn><mo is=\\\"true\\\">¯</mo></mover><mn is=\\\"true\\\">2</mn></mrow><mo is=\\\"true\\\">〉</mo></mrow></mrow></math></span></span><script type=\\\"math/mml\\\"><math><mrow is=\\\"true\\\"><mrow is=\\\"true\\\"><mo is=\\\"true\\\">{</mo><mrow is=\\\"true\\\"><mn is=\\\"true\\\">10</mn><mover accent=\\\"true\\\" is=\\\"true\\\"><mn is=\\\"true\\\">1</mn><mo is=\\\"true\\\">¯</mo></mover><mn is=\\\"true\\\">1</mn></mrow><mo is=\\\"true\\\">}</mo></mrow><mrow is=\\\"true\\\"><mo is=\\\"true\\\">〈</mo><mrow is=\\\"true\\\"><mn is=\\\"true\\\">10</mn><mover accent=\\\"true\\\" is=\\\"true\\\"><mn is=\\\"true\\\">1</mn><mo is=\\\"true\\\">¯</mo></mover><mn is=\\\"true\\\">2</mn></mrow><mo is=\\\"true\\\">〉</mo></mrow></mrow></math></script></span> contraction twins (CT) that transform into <span><span style=\\\"\\\"></span><span data-mathml='<math xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\"><mrow is=\\\"true\\\"><mo is=\\\"true\\\">{</mo><mrow is=\\\"true\\\"><mn is=\\\"true\\\">10</mn><mover accent=\\\"true\\\" is=\\\"true\\\"><mn is=\\\"true\\\">1</mn><mo is=\\\"true\\\">&#xAF;</mo></mover><mn is=\\\"true\\\">1</mn></mrow><mo is=\\\"true\\\">}</mo></mrow></math>' role=\\\"presentation\\\" style=\\\"font-size: 90%; 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display: inline-block; position: relative;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><svg aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" focusable=\\\"false\\\" height=\\\"2.779ex\\\" role=\\\"img\\\" style=\\\"vertical-align: -0.812ex;\\\" viewbox=\\\"0 -846.5 3073 1196.3\\\" width=\\\"7.137ex\\\" xmlns:xlink=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\\\"><g fill=\\\"currentColor\\\" stroke=\\\"currentColor\\\" stroke-width=\\\"0\\\" transform=\\\"matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)\\\"><g is=\\\"true\\\"><use is=\\\"true\\\" xlink:href=\\\"#MJMAIN-7B\\\"></use><g is=\\\"true\\\" transform=\\\"translate(500,0)\\\"><g is=\\\"true\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#MJMAIN-31\\\"></use><use x=\\\"500\\\" xlink:href=\\\"#MJMAIN-30\\\" y=\\\"0\\\"></use></g><g is=\\\"true\\\" transform=\\\"translate(1001,0)\\\"><g is=\\\"true\\\" transform=\\\"translate(35,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#MJMAIN-31\\\"></use></g><g is=\\\"true\\\" transform=\\\"translate(0,198)\\\"><use x=\\\"-70\\\" xlink:href=\\\"#MJMAIN-AF\\\" y=\\\"0\\\"></use><use x=\\\"70\\\" xlink:href=\\\"#MJMAIN-AF\\\" y=\\\"0\\\"></use></g></g><g is=\\\"true\\\" transform=\\\"translate(1571,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#MJMAIN-32\\\"></use></g></g><use is=\\\"true\\\" x=\\\"2572\\\" xlink:href=\\\"#MJMAIN-7D\\\" y=\\\"0\\\"></use></g></g></svg><span role=\\\"presentation\\\"><math xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\"><mrow is=\\\"true\\\"><mo is=\\\"true\\\">{</mo><mrow is=\\\"true\\\"><mn is=\\\"true\\\">10</mn><mover accent=\\\"true\\\" is=\\\"true\\\"><mn is=\\\"true\\\">1</mn><mo is=\\\"true\\\">¯</mo></mover><mn is=\\\"true\\\">2</mn></mrow><mo is=\\\"true\\\">}</mo></mrow></math></span></span><script type=\\\"math/mml\\\"><math><mrow is=\\\"true\\\"><mo is=\\\"true\\\">{</mo><mrow is=\\\"true\\\"><mn is=\\\"true\\\">10</mn><mover accent=\\\"true\\\" is=\\\"true\\\"><mn is=\\\"true\\\">1</mn><mo is=\\\"true\\\">¯</mo></mover><mn is=\\\"true\\\">2</mn></mrow><mo is=\\\"true\\\">}</mo></mrow></math></script></span> double twins (DT) with matrix-DT Σ23b and Σ15a CSLBs. For <em>a<sub>n</sub></em>∥ RD, large DT lamellae fraction formed at ∼30° and few ETs at ∼30° and ∼90° to the notch with crack growth mainly via the Σ23b/Σ15a CSLB interfaces during FT. While, significant DT and ET lamellae developed at ∼0° and ∼60° with cracking via the matrix-DT Σ23b/Σ15a and matrix-ET Σ15b CSLBs for <em>a<sub>n</sub></em>⊥ RD. The DT and ET lamellae activated at ∼15°, and the crack propagated through Σ15b for <span><span style=\\\"\\\"></span><span data-mathml='<math xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\"><mrow is=\\\"true\\\"><msub is=\\\"true\\\"><mi is=\\\"true\\\">a</mi><mi is=\\\"true\\\">n</mi></msub><mo is=\\\"true\\\">&#x223C;</mo><msup is=\\\"true\\\"><mrow is=\\\"true\\\"><mn is=\\\"true\\\">45</mn></mrow><mo is=\\\"true\\\">&#x2218;</mo></msup></mrow></math>' role=\\\"presentation\\\" style=\\\"font-size: 90%; display: inline-block; position: relative;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><svg aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" focusable=\\\"false\\\" height=\\\"2.432ex\\\" role=\\\"img\\\" style=\\\"vertical-align: -0.582ex;\\\" viewbox=\\\"0 -796.9 3843.1 1047.3\\\" width=\\\"8.926ex\\\" xmlns:xlink=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\\\"><g fill=\\\"currentColor\\\" stroke=\\\"currentColor\\\" stroke-width=\\\"0\\\" transform=\\\"matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)\\\"><g is=\\\"true\\\"><g is=\\\"true\\\"><g is=\\\"true\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#MJMATHI-61\\\"></use></g><g is=\\\"true\\\" transform=\\\"translate(529,-150)\\\"><use transform=\\\"scale(0.707)\\\" xlink:href=\\\"#MJMATHI-6E\\\"></use></g></g><g is=\\\"true\\\" transform=\\\"translate(1331,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#MJMAIN-223C\\\"></use></g><g is=\\\"true\\\" transform=\\\"translate(2388,0)\\\"><g is=\\\"true\\\"><g is=\\\"true\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#MJMAIN-34\\\"></use><use x=\\\"500\\\" xlink:href=\\\"#MJMAIN-35\\\" y=\\\"0\\\"></use></g></g><g is=\\\"true\\\" transform=\\\"translate(1001,404)\\\"><use transform=\\\"scale(0.707)\\\" xlink:href=\\\"#MJMAIN-2218\\\"></use></g></g></g></g></svg><span role=\\\"presentation\\\"><math xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\"><mrow is=\\\"true\\\"><msub is=\\\"true\\\"><mi is=\\\"true\\\">a</mi><mi is=\\\"true\\\">n</mi></msub><mo is=\\\"true\\\">∼</mo><msup is=\\\"true\\\"><mrow is=\\\"true\\\"><mn is=\\\"true\\\">45</mn></mrow><mo is=\\\"true\\\">∘</mo></msup></mrow></math></span></span><script type=\\\"math/mml\\\"><math><mrow is=\\\"true\\\"><msub is=\\\"true\\\"><mi is=\\\"true\\\">a</mi><mi is=\\\"true\\\">n</mi></msub><mo is=\\\"true\\\">∼</mo><msup is=\\\"true\\\"><mrow is=\\\"true\\\"><mn is=\\\"true\\\">45</mn></mrow><mo is=\\\"true\\\">∘</mo></msup></mrow></math></script></span> to RD. The <em>J<sub>IC</sub></em> and the crack-tip plastic zone decreases, while the elastic component of the J-integral (<em>J<sub>el</sub></em>) and the ET formation increases from <em>a<sub>n</sub></em>∥, ⊥, to <span><span style=\\\"\\\"></span><span data-mathml='<math xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\"><mrow is=\\\"true\\\"><mo is=\\\"true\\\">&#x223C;</mo><msup is=\\\"true\\\"><mn is=\\\"true\\\">45</mn><mo is=\\\"true\\\">&#x2218;</mo></msup></mrow></math>' role=\\\"presentation\\\" style=\\\"font-size: 90%; display: inline-block; position: relative;\\\" tabindex=\\\"0\\\"><svg aria-hidden=\\\"true\\\" focusable=\\\"false\\\" height=\\\"2.086ex\\\" role=\\\"img\\\" style=\\\"vertical-align: -0.235ex;\\\" viewbox=\\\"0 -796.9 2511.2 898.2\\\" width=\\\"5.832ex\\\" xmlns:xlink=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\\\"><g fill=\\\"currentColor\\\" stroke=\\\"currentColor\\\" stroke-width=\\\"0\\\" transform=\\\"matrix(1 0 0 -1 0 0)\\\"><g is=\\\"true\\\"><g is=\\\"true\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#MJMAIN-223C\\\"></use></g><g is=\\\"true\\\" transform=\\\"translate(1056,0)\\\"><g is=\\\"true\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#MJMAIN-34\\\"></use><use x=\\\"500\\\" xlink:href=\\\"#MJMAIN-35\\\" y=\\\"0\\\"></use></g><g is=\\\"true\\\" transform=\\\"translate(1001,404)\\\"><use transform=\\\"scale(0.707)\\\" xlink:href=\\\"#MJMAIN-2218\\\"></use></g></g></g></g></svg><span role=\\\"presentation\\\"><math xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\\"><mrow is=\\\"true\\\"><mo is=\\\"true\\\">∼</mo><msup is=\\\"true\\\"><mn is=\\\"true\\\">45</mn><mo is=\\\"true\\\">∘</mo></msup></mrow></math></span></span><script type=\\\"math/mml\\\"><math><mrow is=\\\"true\\\"><mo is=\\\"true\\\">∼</mo><msup is=\\\"true\\\"><mn is=\\\"true\\\">45</mn><mo is=\\\"true\\\">∘</mo></msup></mrow></math></script></span> to RD. The strain incompatibility of matrices was higher with the geometrically hard ETs than DTs. Thus, brittle interlamellar cracking occurred through the Σ15b interfaces. In contrast, almost similar and higher crack-tip plasticity occurred in matrix and DT domains during crack propagation via Σ23b/Σ15a CSLBs. Crack growth through Σ23b/Σ15a led to high <em>J<sub>IC</sub></em>, both Σ15b and Σ23b/Σ15a led to moderate <em>J<sub>IC</sub></em>, and Σ15b least <em>J<sub>IC</sub></em> for <em>a<sub>n</sub></em> ∥, ⊥ and 45° to RD, respectively.\",\"PeriodicalId\":16214,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":15.8000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-10-15\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"88\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2024.09.013\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"材料科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Magnesium and Alloys","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2024.09.013","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"METALLURGY & METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING","Score":null,"Total":0}
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