茬高和灌溉显著影响华南地区轮作水稻种植系统的碳足迹

IF 5.6 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Field Crops Research Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI:10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109609
Xiangyu Hu , Youqiang Fu , Nanxun Huang , Xinyu Wang , Rui Hu , Xuhua Zhong , Junfeng Pan , Meijuan Li , Yanzhuo Liu , Qunhuan Ye , Yuanhong Yin , Kaiming Liang
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The treatments included DR under farmers’ conventional fertilization and irrigation management, high-stubble ratoon rice under farmers’ conventional field water management (FWP), low-stubble ratoon rice under FWP, high-stubble ratoon rice under safe alternative wetting and drying irrigation management (AWD), and low-stubble ratoon rice under AWD.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The major CF contributor was the direct GHG emissions (<em>GHG</em><sub><em>direct</em></sub>) from crop fields in different treatments. Relative to DR, the annual CF and yield-scaled CF (<em>CF</em><sub><em>y</em></sub>) of RR were reduced by 30.2–37.0 % and 6.21–23.7 %, respectively. The decrease in CF and <em>CF</em><sub><em>y</em></sub> of RR mainly resulted from the lower cumulative emissions of CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> as well as its shorter growth duration and lower crop biomass relative to DR. 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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景与双季稻(DR)相比,轮作水稻(RR)具有更高的收益率、成本效益和更低的劳动力需求,因此在中国得到了迅速推广。确定适当的灌溉和割茬高度管理对于平衡作物产量、二氧化碳、甲烷和氧化亚氮的温室气体(GHG)排放以及旱稻种植系统的经济效益至关重要。方法在2019-2021年种植季节进行田间试验,研究留茬高度和水分管理对RR的谷物产量、温室气体排放量、碳足迹和净生态系统经济效益的影响。处理包括农民常规施肥和灌溉管理下的DR、农民常规田间水管理(FWP)下的高茬口水稻、FWP下的低茬口水稻、安全替代干湿灌溉管理(AWD)下的高茬口水稻以及AWD下的低茬口水稻。与 DR 相比,RR 的年 CF 和产量标度 CF(CFy)分别减少了 30.2% 至 37.0%,以及 6.21% 至 23.7%。RR 的 CF 和 CFy 下降的主要原因是,与 DR 相比,RR 的 CO2 和 CH4 累积排放量较低,且生长期较短,作物生物量较低。与高茬口处理相比,低茬口处理导致 GHGdirect 显著增加。然而,由于净初级生产量大幅提高,低气泡 RR 的 CF 与高气泡 RR 没有显著差异。由于谷物产量较高,低气泡管理使 RR 的 CFy 降低了 9.4-12.1%。相对于全生育期管理,AWD 对 RR 的作物生物量和谷物产量的影响可以忽略不计,但却显著降低了 CF 和 CFy,降幅分别为 17.6-33.2%和 6.21-23.7%。相对于全生育期管理,采用 AWD 可使 RR 的 NEEB 显著增加 6.8-20.5%,原因是大幅减少了 CH4 排放,并降低了电力和劳动力等农业投入。与高茬口管理相比,低茬口管理提高了作物氮的回收率,并减少了环境中潜在的氮损失。
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Stubble height and irrigation significantly influenced the carbon footprint of ratoon rice cropping system in South China

Context

Ratoon rice (RR) has witnessed a rapid expansion in China primarily driven by its superior profitability, cost-effectiveness and lower labor requirements compared to double-season rice (DR). Identifying proper management of irrigation and stubble height cutting is essential for balancing crop production, greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions of CO2, CH4 and N2O, and economic benefits in RR cropping systems. Although the grain yield of RR is significantly affected by agronomic management, little is known about how agronomic practices influence the crop production, carbon footprint (CF), and net ecosystem economic benefits (NEEB) in RR cropping systems.

Methods

Field experiments were conducted to investigate the impacts of stubble height and water management on grain yield, GHG emissions, CF and of NEEB of RR during the cropping seasons of 2019–2021. The treatments included DR under farmers’ conventional fertilization and irrigation management, high-stubble ratoon rice under farmers’ conventional field water management (FWP), low-stubble ratoon rice under FWP, high-stubble ratoon rice under safe alternative wetting and drying irrigation management (AWD), and low-stubble ratoon rice under AWD.

Results

The major CF contributor was the direct GHG emissions (GHGdirect) from crop fields in different treatments. Relative to DR, the annual CF and yield-scaled CF (CFy) of RR were reduced by 30.2–37.0 % and 6.21–23.7 %, respectively. The decrease in CF and CFy of RR mainly resulted from the lower cumulative emissions of CO2 and CH4 as well as its shorter growth duration and lower crop biomass relative to DR. Low-stubble treatment led to a significant increase in GHGdirect compared to high-stubble treatment. However, the CF of low-stubble RR did not differ significantly from that of high-stubble RR due to a substantial enhancement in the net primary production. Low-stubble management reduced the CFy of RR by 9.4–12.1 %, due to the higher grain yield. Relative to FWP, AWD had negligible impact on crop biomass and grain yield of RR, while significantly decreased the CF and CFy by 17.6–33.2 % and 6.21–23.7 %, respectively. Relative to FWP, the adoption of AWD resulted in a notable increase in the NEEB of RR by 6.8–20.5 %, due to the substantial mitigation in CH4 emissions and lower agricultural inputs of electricity and labor. Relative to high-stubble management, low-stubble management enhanced crop N recovery and reduced potential N loss to the environment.

Conclusion

In RR cropping system, low-stubble management coupled with safe AWD irrigation could be a promising strategy in reducing CF while maintaining higher yield and economic benefits without increasing the environmental cost in subtropical paddy field.
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来源期刊
Field Crops Research
Field Crops Research 农林科学-农艺学
CiteScore
9.60
自引率
12.10%
发文量
307
审稿时长
46 days
期刊介绍: Field Crops Research is an international journal publishing scientific articles on: √ experimental and modelling research at field, farm and landscape levels on temperate and tropical crops and cropping systems, with a focus on crop ecology and physiology, agronomy, and plant genetics and breeding.
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