{"title":"在鲨鱼寄生虫 Nybelinia surmenicola(绦虫纲:Trypanorhyncha)中发现复杂的脑形态。","authors":"Natalia M. Biserova, Anna A. Margarit","doi":"10.1002/jmor.70002","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div>\n \n <p>The ultrastructure of the nervous system has been studied in sexually mature <i>Nybelinia surmenicola</i> (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha) from the intestine of a shark <i>Lamna ditropis</i>. The central nervous system (CNS) reveals a complex organization within cestodes and corresponds to the trypanorhynch pattern of brain architecture. The brain of <i>N. surmenicola</i> is differentiated into nine clearly defined lobes and semicircular, median, and X-shaped cruciate commissures. A specific feature is the presence of a powerful extracellular capsule that surrounds the brain lobes with the cortical glial cells. Moreover, the architecture of the anterior lobes clearly distinguishes the species of Tentacularioidea. The neurons of the anterior lobes form compact groups looking like frontal horns. There are approximately 120 neurons in the anterior lobes and a preliminary estimate of more than 300 perikarya in the brain. Several ultrastructural types of neurons have been identified, differing in the size and shape of the soma, the density of the cytoplasm, and the ultrastructure of synaptic vesicles. Numerous synapses involving clear and electron-dense vesicles have been observed in neuropils. Two types of glial cells have been found in the brain that participate in neuronal metabolism and wrap around the giant axons, brain lobes, neuropil compartments, and the main nerve cords. Such a powerful extracellular fibrillar brain capsule has not been observed in the brain of other studied cestodes and has been demonstrated in this study for the first time. The differentiation of the brain lobes reveals the important role of the rhyncheal system in the evolution of cestodes and correlates with their behavior. The anterior nerves arising from the anterior lobes innervate the radial muscles stabilizing the position of the tentacle sheaths and movements of the attachment organs. The nervous system anatomy and the brain architecture may reflect the morphofunctional aspects of the tapeworm evolution.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":16528,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Morphology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Complex Brain Morphology Discovered in the Shark Parasite Nybelinia surmenicola (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha)\",\"authors\":\"Natalia M. Biserova, Anna A. Margarit\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/jmor.70002\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div>\\n \\n <p>The ultrastructure of the nervous system has been studied in sexually mature <i>Nybelinia surmenicola</i> (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha) from the intestine of a shark <i>Lamna ditropis</i>. The central nervous system (CNS) reveals a complex organization within cestodes and corresponds to the trypanorhynch pattern of brain architecture. The brain of <i>N. surmenicola</i> is differentiated into nine clearly defined lobes and semicircular, median, and X-shaped cruciate commissures. A specific feature is the presence of a powerful extracellular capsule that surrounds the brain lobes with the cortical glial cells. Moreover, the architecture of the anterior lobes clearly distinguishes the species of Tentacularioidea. The neurons of the anterior lobes form compact groups looking like frontal horns. There are approximately 120 neurons in the anterior lobes and a preliminary estimate of more than 300 perikarya in the brain. Several ultrastructural types of neurons have been identified, differing in the size and shape of the soma, the density of the cytoplasm, and the ultrastructure of synaptic vesicles. Numerous synapses involving clear and electron-dense vesicles have been observed in neuropils. Two types of glial cells have been found in the brain that participate in neuronal metabolism and wrap around the giant axons, brain lobes, neuropil compartments, and the main nerve cords. Such a powerful extracellular fibrillar brain capsule has not been observed in the brain of other studied cestodes and has been demonstrated in this study for the first time. The differentiation of the brain lobes reveals the important role of the rhyncheal system in the evolution of cestodes and correlates with their behavior. The anterior nerves arising from the anterior lobes innervate the radial muscles stabilizing the position of the tentacle sheaths and movements of the attachment organs. The nervous system anatomy and the brain architecture may reflect the morphofunctional aspects of the tapeworm evolution.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":16528,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Morphology\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-10-21\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Morphology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jmor.70002\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Morphology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jmor.70002","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
Complex Brain Morphology Discovered in the Shark Parasite Nybelinia surmenicola (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha)
The ultrastructure of the nervous system has been studied in sexually mature Nybelinia surmenicola (Cestoda: Trypanorhyncha) from the intestine of a shark Lamna ditropis. The central nervous system (CNS) reveals a complex organization within cestodes and corresponds to the trypanorhynch pattern of brain architecture. The brain of N. surmenicola is differentiated into nine clearly defined lobes and semicircular, median, and X-shaped cruciate commissures. A specific feature is the presence of a powerful extracellular capsule that surrounds the brain lobes with the cortical glial cells. Moreover, the architecture of the anterior lobes clearly distinguishes the species of Tentacularioidea. The neurons of the anterior lobes form compact groups looking like frontal horns. There are approximately 120 neurons in the anterior lobes and a preliminary estimate of more than 300 perikarya in the brain. Several ultrastructural types of neurons have been identified, differing in the size and shape of the soma, the density of the cytoplasm, and the ultrastructure of synaptic vesicles. Numerous synapses involving clear and electron-dense vesicles have been observed in neuropils. Two types of glial cells have been found in the brain that participate in neuronal metabolism and wrap around the giant axons, brain lobes, neuropil compartments, and the main nerve cords. Such a powerful extracellular fibrillar brain capsule has not been observed in the brain of other studied cestodes and has been demonstrated in this study for the first time. The differentiation of the brain lobes reveals the important role of the rhyncheal system in the evolution of cestodes and correlates with their behavior. The anterior nerves arising from the anterior lobes innervate the radial muscles stabilizing the position of the tentacle sheaths and movements of the attachment organs. The nervous system anatomy and the brain architecture may reflect the morphofunctional aspects of the tapeworm evolution.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Morphology welcomes articles of original research in cytology, protozoology, embryology, and general morphology. Articles generally should not exceed 35 printed pages. Preliminary notices or articles of a purely descriptive morphological or taxonomic nature are not included. No paper which has already been published will be accepted, nor will simultaneous publications elsewhere be allowed.
The Journal of Morphology publishes research in functional, comparative, evolutionary and developmental morphology from vertebrates and invertebrates. Human and veterinary anatomy or paleontology are considered when an explicit connection to neontological animal morphology is presented, and the paper contains relevant information for the community of animal morphologists. Based on our long tradition, we continue to seek publishing the best papers in animal morphology.