Automated volumetric analysis of the inner ear fluid space from hydrops magnetic resonance imaging using 3D neural networks.

Due to the development of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging processing technology, image-based identification of endolymphatic hydrops (EH) has played an important role in understanding inner ear illnesses, such as Meniere's disease or fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss. We segmented the inner ear, consisting of the cochlea, vestibule, and semicircular canals, using a 3D-based deep neural network model for accurate and automated EH volume ratio calculations. We built a dataset of MR cisternography (MRC) and HYDROPS-Mi2 stacks labeled with the segmentation of the perilymph fluid space and endolymph fluid space of the inner ear to devise a 3D segmentation deep neural network model. End-to-end learning was used to segment the perilymph fluid and the endolymph fluid spaces simultaneously using aligned pair data of the MRC and HYDROPS-Mi2 stacks. Consequently, the segmentation performance of the total fluid space and endolymph fluid space had Dice similarity coefficients of 0.9574 and 0.9186, respectively. In addition, the EH volume ratio calculated by experienced otologists and the EH volume ratio value predicted by the proposed deep learning model showed high agreement according to the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman plot analysis.