{"title":"溶乳假杆菌产生的正丁酸使 Epstein-Barr 病毒重新活化,诱导根尖周炎肉芽肿中的炎性细胞因子。","authors":"Taiki Miyata , Osamu Takeichi , Kenichi Imai , Masayuki Okano , Seiya Inoue , Takuya Yasukawa , Yusuke Suzuki","doi":"10.1016/j.job.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study investigates whether latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) can be reactivated by n-butyric acid from <em>Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus</em>, and if such reactivation induces expression of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in periapical granulomas.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed periapical granulomas and healthy gingival tissues to detect the presence of EBV and <em>P. alactolyticus</em>. The concentration of n-butyric acid in <em>P. alactolyticus</em> culture supernatants was measured. BZLF-1 luciferase assays were conducted with or without these supernatants. Immunohistochemical detection of ZEBRA-, IL-1β-, and IL-6-expressing cells was performed in the tissue samples. Additionally, mRNA expression levels of BZLF-1, IL-1β, and IL-6 were quantified and statistically analyzed for correlation. The expression of these mRNAs was also measured in Daudi cells treated with or without the culture supernatants.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both EBV and <em>P. alactolyticus</em> were detected in periapical granulomas, but not in healthy tissues. The concentration of n-butyric acid in the culture supernatants was ∼3.58 mmol/L. BZLF-1 luciferase activity in the presence of the culture supernatants was comparable to that of commercially available butyric acid, whereas no activity was detected without the supernatants. Cells expressing ZEBRA co-expressed IL-1β and IL-6. The mRNA levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in periapical granulomas were correlated with BZLF-1 mRNA levels. Daudi cells treated with the culture supernatants expressed BZLF-1, IL-1β, and IL-6 mRNA, while those without the supernatants did not.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The study concludes that EBV can be reactivated by n-butyric acid produced by <em>P. alactolyticus</em>, leading to the induction of IL-1β and IL-6 expression in periapical granulomas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":45851,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Oral Biosciences","volume":"67 1","pages":"Article 100569"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6000,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Reactivation of Epstein-Barr virus by n-butyric acid from Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus induces inflammatory cytokines in periapical granulomas\",\"authors\":\"Taiki Miyata , Osamu Takeichi , Kenichi Imai , Masayuki Okano , Seiya Inoue , Takuya Yasukawa , Yusuke Suzuki\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.job.2024.10.001\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study investigates whether latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) can be reactivated by n-butyric acid from <em>Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus</em>, and if such reactivation induces expression of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in periapical granulomas.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We analyzed periapical granulomas and healthy gingival tissues to detect the presence of EBV and <em>P. alactolyticus</em>. The concentration of n-butyric acid in <em>P. alactolyticus</em> culture supernatants was measured. BZLF-1 luciferase assays were conducted with or without these supernatants. Immunohistochemical detection of ZEBRA-, IL-1β-, and IL-6-expressing cells was performed in the tissue samples. Additionally, mRNA expression levels of BZLF-1, IL-1β, and IL-6 were quantified and statistically analyzed for correlation. The expression of these mRNAs was also measured in Daudi cells treated with or without the culture supernatants.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both EBV and <em>P. alactolyticus</em> were detected in periapical granulomas, but not in healthy tissues. The concentration of n-butyric acid in the culture supernatants was ∼3.58 mmol/L. BZLF-1 luciferase activity in the presence of the culture supernatants was comparable to that of commercially available butyric acid, whereas no activity was detected without the supernatants. Cells expressing ZEBRA co-expressed IL-1β and IL-6. The mRNA levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in periapical granulomas were correlated with BZLF-1 mRNA levels. Daudi cells treated with the culture supernatants expressed BZLF-1, IL-1β, and IL-6 mRNA, while those without the supernatants did not.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The study concludes that EBV can be reactivated by n-butyric acid produced by <em>P. alactolyticus</em>, leading to the induction of IL-1β and IL-6 expression in periapical granulomas.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":45851,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Oral Biosciences\",\"volume\":\"67 1\",\"pages\":\"Article 100569\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-03-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Oral Biosciences\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1349007924002032\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Oral Biosciences","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1349007924002032","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE","Score":null,"Total":0}
Reactivation of Epstein-Barr virus by n-butyric acid from Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus induces inflammatory cytokines in periapical granulomas
Objectives
This study investigates whether latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) can be reactivated by n-butyric acid from Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus, and if such reactivation induces expression of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 in periapical granulomas.
Methods
We analyzed periapical granulomas and healthy gingival tissues to detect the presence of EBV and P. alactolyticus. The concentration of n-butyric acid in P. alactolyticus culture supernatants was measured. BZLF-1 luciferase assays were conducted with or without these supernatants. Immunohistochemical detection of ZEBRA-, IL-1β-, and IL-6-expressing cells was performed in the tissue samples. Additionally, mRNA expression levels of BZLF-1, IL-1β, and IL-6 were quantified and statistically analyzed for correlation. The expression of these mRNAs was also measured in Daudi cells treated with or without the culture supernatants.
Results
Both EBV and P. alactolyticus were detected in periapical granulomas, but not in healthy tissues. The concentration of n-butyric acid in the culture supernatants was ∼3.58 mmol/L. BZLF-1 luciferase activity in the presence of the culture supernatants was comparable to that of commercially available butyric acid, whereas no activity was detected without the supernatants. Cells expressing ZEBRA co-expressed IL-1β and IL-6. The mRNA levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in periapical granulomas were correlated with BZLF-1 mRNA levels. Daudi cells treated with the culture supernatants expressed BZLF-1, IL-1β, and IL-6 mRNA, while those without the supernatants did not.
Conclusions
The study concludes that EBV can be reactivated by n-butyric acid produced by P. alactolyticus, leading to the induction of IL-1β and IL-6 expression in periapical granulomas.