{"title":"首次了解 N-乙酰化磺酰胺从废水消毒到太阳照射受纳水体的环境归宿。","authors":"Shuiqin Shi, Zhantu Ye, Jiayan Jiang, Junmei Yan, Xin Yu, Mingbao Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136172","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The worldwide detection of emerging transformation products of organic micropollutants has raised accumulating concerns owing to their unknown environmental fate and undesired toxicity. This work first explored the reaction kinetics and mechanisms of the prevalent N-acetylated sulfonamides (N<sup>4</sup>-AcSAs, the typical sulfonamide metabolites) from wastewater disinfection to solar-irradiated receiving waters. The transformation scenarios included chlorination/bromination, photodegradation, and solar/chlorine treatment. The halogenations of two N<sup>4</sup>-AcSAs (N<sup>4</sup>-acetylated sulfadiazine, N<sup>4</sup>-AcSDZ; N<sup>4</sup>-acetylated sulfamethoxazole, N<sup>4</sup>-AcSMX) were pH-dependent at pH 5.0-8.0, and the reactions between the neutral forms of oxidants and anionic N<sup>4</sup>-AcSAs dominated the process. Furthermore, solar-based photolysis significantly eliminated N<sup>4</sup>-AcSAs in small water bodies with low dissolved organic carbon levels, while the indirect photolysis mediated by hydroxyl radicals and carbonate radicals contributed the most. The presence of chlorine residues in solar-irradiated wastewater effluents promoted the decay of N<sup>4</sup>-AcSAs, in which the generated hydroxyl radicals and ozone played a major role. Product analysis suggested the main transformation patterns of N<sup>4</sup>-AcSAs during the above scenarios included electrophilic attack, bond cleavage, SO<sub>2</sub> extrusion, hydroxylation, and rearrangement. Multiple secondary products maintained higher persistence, mobility, and toxicity to aquatic organisms than N<sup>4</sup>-AcSAs. Overall, the natural and engineered transformations of such micropollutants underlined the necessity of including their degradation products in future chemical management and risk assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":94082,"journal":{"name":"Journal of hazardous materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"First insight into the environmental fate of N-acetylated sulfonamides from wastewater disinfection to solar-irradiated receiving waters.\",\"authors\":\"Shuiqin Shi, Zhantu Ye, Jiayan Jiang, Junmei Yan, Xin Yu, Mingbao Feng\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136172\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>The worldwide detection of emerging transformation products of organic micropollutants has raised accumulating concerns owing to their unknown environmental fate and undesired toxicity. This work first explored the reaction kinetics and mechanisms of the prevalent N-acetylated sulfonamides (N<sup>4</sup>-AcSAs, the typical sulfonamide metabolites) from wastewater disinfection to solar-irradiated receiving waters. The transformation scenarios included chlorination/bromination, photodegradation, and solar/chlorine treatment. The halogenations of two N<sup>4</sup>-AcSAs (N<sup>4</sup>-acetylated sulfadiazine, N<sup>4</sup>-AcSDZ; N<sup>4</sup>-acetylated sulfamethoxazole, N<sup>4</sup>-AcSMX) were pH-dependent at pH 5.0-8.0, and the reactions between the neutral forms of oxidants and anionic N<sup>4</sup>-AcSAs dominated the process. Furthermore, solar-based photolysis significantly eliminated N<sup>4</sup>-AcSAs in small water bodies with low dissolved organic carbon levels, while the indirect photolysis mediated by hydroxyl radicals and carbonate radicals contributed the most. The presence of chlorine residues in solar-irradiated wastewater effluents promoted the decay of N<sup>4</sup>-AcSAs, in which the generated hydroxyl radicals and ozone played a major role. Product analysis suggested the main transformation patterns of N<sup>4</sup>-AcSAs during the above scenarios included electrophilic attack, bond cleavage, SO<sub>2</sub> extrusion, hydroxylation, and rearrangement. Multiple secondary products maintained higher persistence, mobility, and toxicity to aquatic organisms than N<sup>4</sup>-AcSAs. Overall, the natural and engineered transformations of such micropollutants underlined the necessity of including their degradation products in future chemical management and risk assessment.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":94082,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of hazardous materials\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-10-15\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of hazardous materials\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136172\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of hazardous materials","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136172","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
First insight into the environmental fate of N-acetylated sulfonamides from wastewater disinfection to solar-irradiated receiving waters.
The worldwide detection of emerging transformation products of organic micropollutants has raised accumulating concerns owing to their unknown environmental fate and undesired toxicity. This work first explored the reaction kinetics and mechanisms of the prevalent N-acetylated sulfonamides (N4-AcSAs, the typical sulfonamide metabolites) from wastewater disinfection to solar-irradiated receiving waters. The transformation scenarios included chlorination/bromination, photodegradation, and solar/chlorine treatment. The halogenations of two N4-AcSAs (N4-acetylated sulfadiazine, N4-AcSDZ; N4-acetylated sulfamethoxazole, N4-AcSMX) were pH-dependent at pH 5.0-8.0, and the reactions between the neutral forms of oxidants and anionic N4-AcSAs dominated the process. Furthermore, solar-based photolysis significantly eliminated N4-AcSAs in small water bodies with low dissolved organic carbon levels, while the indirect photolysis mediated by hydroxyl radicals and carbonate radicals contributed the most. The presence of chlorine residues in solar-irradiated wastewater effluents promoted the decay of N4-AcSAs, in which the generated hydroxyl radicals and ozone played a major role. Product analysis suggested the main transformation patterns of N4-AcSAs during the above scenarios included electrophilic attack, bond cleavage, SO2 extrusion, hydroxylation, and rearrangement. Multiple secondary products maintained higher persistence, mobility, and toxicity to aquatic organisms than N4-AcSAs. Overall, the natural and engineered transformations of such micropollutants underlined the necessity of including their degradation products in future chemical management and risk assessment.