The Effect of Boric Acid and Calcium Fructoborate on T Helper Cell Differentiation by Influencing Foxp3 and Ror-γt in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Many animal and human studies indicate that boric acid and calcium fructoborate have effects on helper T cells in immunity. The aim of our study is to evaluate the effects of boric acid and calcium fructoborate on Treg (CD4⁺Foxp3⁺) and Th17 (CD4⁺Ror-γt⁺) cell populations and related cytokine levels in mononuclear cells isolated from peripheral blood samples of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis (n = 10) patients, systemic lupus erythematosus (n = 5) patients, and healthy individuals (n = 9) were included in this study. Consent forms were obtained from all individuals participating the study, blood samples were taken, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated. Isolated cells were exposed to low-dose and high-dose boric acid and calcium fructoborate in cell culture. Treg and Th17 cell populations were analyzed by flow cytometry after 48 h of exposure. IL-2, IL-6, IL-17, IL-23, TNF-α, and TGF-β levels in the culture medium were tested by ELISA method. At the end of the study, in healthy controls, high-dose BA improved the Treg/Th17 population but could not display similar effects on RA and SLE group. However, both boric acid and calcium fructoborate at different doses showed an increasing effect on Ror-γt in RA and SLE group. Different doses of BA and CaF treatment found to have a variable effect on cytokine. Both BA and CaF in low doses decreased TNF-α levels in RA group which shows that these boron compounds could contribute positively to the treatment of autoimmune diseases.