Analysis and prediction of mesoscale eddy kinetic energy variations in the Kuroshio extension

The Kuroshio Extension (KE) region, a crucial area in the Northwest Pacific Ocean, exhibits eddy kinetic energy with various scales of periodicity. Understanding how to extract its characteristic features and analyze and predict their periodic correlations has become vital for studying the regulatory mechanisms of eddy kinetic energy in the KE region. This paper first introduces a mesoscale eddy hybrid identification algorithm based on the flow field vector and the closed flow field. Using this algorithm, we gather mesoscale eddy identification data from the KE region to extract the monthly average series of five typical features of the KE region. Subsequently, wavelet theory is applied to analyze the cycles of these main features, identifying the common cycles of the KE region as the primary focus for analyzing the vorticity kinetic energy. This analysis includes cycle correlations with globally recognized indices, and it predicts these correlations. Further analysis of the main characteristic cycles through wavelet theory reveals that the KE region's eddy kinetic energy is significantly influenced by solar activity over long periods and by the North Pacific ocean-atmosphere interaction over shorter, interannual periods. Finally, this paper introduces a W-LSTM (Wavelet Decomposition based Long Short-term Memory Networks) prediction model based on wavelet decomposition for the KE region, covering January 2023–December 2023. The model demonstrates its effectiveness, achieving a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.2530 and a correlation coefficient of 0.8259 between the predicted data and the actual observations.