Potentiometric analysis of fluoride in commonly consumed beverages: Method development, evaluation, and risk assessment

In this research paper, a potentiometric analytical method for the determination of Fluoride was developed and applied to analyse the most commonly consumed beverages. Considering all the beverages studied, the fluoride levels ranged from the detection limit (0.02 mg L⁻¹) to 3.5 mg L⁻¹, measured in tea samples obtained from an automatic dispenser. In conclusion, the investigated beverages do not pose a problem for humans if they are consumed in moderation. For coffees, barley-based drinks, infusions, chamomiles, herbal teas and teas, which are commonly prepared with tap or bottled water, the fluoride content of the water should also be added to the results obtained to assess the real contribution. The only drink potentially causing a risk, especially for children, could be tea prepared by infusing the leaves contained in paper filters because it contributes significantly to the daily dose of fluoride. This dose would increase if the fluoride contribution from water were taken into account.