Design of stepped monopole antennas with a novel decoupling structure based on characteristic mode analysis

This paper presents a novel approach to enhancing the isolation of adaptive array antennas. The primary focus is on overcoming the limitations of monopole antennas in adaptive array antennas, specifically addressing the challenges posed by mutual coupling between antenna elements and the constraints of decoupling structures. Based on characteristic mode analysis, we propose stepped monopole antennas with an innovation decoupling structure, which significantly reduces mutual coupling without significantly affecting the radiation patterns. The paper details the design and function of these antennas and the development of the decoupling structure and validates the approach through simulation and measurement results