CO2 absorption-desorption cycles: Progress, gaps, and future

In order to control global warming and CO₂ emissions to the atmosphere, carbon capture from the carbon production source is considered the short- to midterm solution. The CO₂ absorption-desorption process is recognised as a mature process that has been implemented for many years. However, this process has several weaknesses, such as the considerable energy requirements for regeneration in the desorber unit and degradation of solvent when using amine solutions. In this study, we examine several elements of absorption-desorption cycles for CO₂ capture. This includes modelling, experimentation categorised by the unit operation employed, techno-economic analysis, optimisation, control strategies, and life cycle assessments. It discusses steady-state, dynamic, and data-driven based models, along with a selection of experimental studies conducted at the laboratory scale, detailing solvents used, column characteristics, and equipment specifications. Furthermore, it examines optimisation techniques, techno-economic assessments (TEA), and industrial applications, categorising them into power sectors and industries, and comparing their costs and energy requirements for carbon capture processes. Additionally, different control strategies for absorption-desorption systems are reviewed, compared, and discussed. Life cycle assessments (LCA), focussing on solvents like amine and ammonia, are also explored, with summarised information presented in tables for each aspect of the study. It's essential to highlight the significance of conducting studies on the absorption-desorption cycles for several reasons. Firstly, these studies enable the investigation of amine degradation and the reclaiming of amines, shedding light on crucial aspects of solvent performance. Additionally, absorption-desorption cycle studies provide valuable insights into the energy requirements for solvent regeneration. Ultimately, these studies are crucial in the advancement of more stable solvents, offering the potential to reduce the cost associated with solvent-based carbon capture technologies. This approach optimises important performance metrics such as cyclic capacity, recovery quality, and the purity of the treated stream which are critical parameters for CO₂ absorption-desorption process.