Gas–liquid and liquid–liquid vortex technology for process intensification

The quest for efficient, sustainable chemical processes drives the advancement of process intensification methods. This study evaluates vortex technology, which utilizes controlled, confined swirling flows to enhance mixing and mass and heat transfer, improving process efficiency. Its potential is assessed by examining its principles, design and optimization parameters, current and prospective applications, and challenges in scaling up and commercialization. It is particularly suited when enhanced efficiency in mixing, transport performance, and cavitation is required, especially in systems involving fast reactions, short residence times, and space constraints. Furthermore, it shows promise in developing compact and efficient contacting devices with reduced energy consumption.