Andrew Rabas, Anka Colo, Karina Kaberi, Dimitre A. Ivanov, Mark A. Bernards
{"title":"人参园土壤中人参皂苷的特性:积累、持久性和行为","authors":"Andrew Rabas, Anka Colo, Karina Kaberi, Dimitre A. Ivanov, Mark A. Bernards","doi":"10.1007/s11104-024-07025-7","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Background & Aims</h3><p>Ginsenosides are triterpene saponins produced by ginseng (<i>Panax spp</i>.). Ginsenosides are secreted into the soil during ginseng growth and are mildly anti-fungal and autotoxic. While an ecological role for ginsenosides in maintenance of the sparse density growth habit of wild ginseng populations can be inferred, the consequence of ginsenoside accumulation in densely populated commercial ginseng gardens remains unknown. The potential for residual ginsenosides in former ginseng gardens to contribute to ginseng replant disease (GRD), a condition in which a new ginseng crop cannot be successfully cultivated in a garden used for ginseng cultivation in the past, has been suggested. However, the extent to which ginsenosides accumulate in ginseng garden soil and persist beyond harvest is poorly documented.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Methods</h3><p>We developed an extraction protocol to extract ginsenosides from ginseng garden soil, and established the behaviour of ginsenosides in soil in controlled experiments using ginseng garden soil packed into columns. </p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Results</h3><p>Ginsenosides accumulate throughout the first three and a half years of ginseng cultivation and decline during the fourth year. Residual ginsenosides present in garden soil at the time of harvest are largely gone by the following spring. Soil column data revealed that sandy-loam soil has capacity to bind and retain ginsenosides, and that protopanaxatriol-type ginsenosides are more mobile than the protopanaxadiol-type.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Conclusion</h3><p>Ginsenosides accumulate in ginseng garden soil during cultivation, but do not persist. Our data suggest that the impact of ginsenosides on the establishment of GRD occurs during crop growth rather than during the time between plantings.</p>","PeriodicalId":20223,"journal":{"name":"Plant and Soil","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The properties of ginsenosides in ginseng garden soil: accumulation, persistence and behaviour\",\"authors\":\"Andrew Rabas, Anka Colo, Karina Kaberi, Dimitre A. Ivanov, Mark A. Bernards\",\"doi\":\"10.1007/s11104-024-07025-7\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<h3 data-test=\\\"abstract-sub-heading\\\">Background & Aims</h3><p>Ginsenosides are triterpene saponins produced by ginseng (<i>Panax spp</i>.). Ginsenosides are secreted into the soil during ginseng growth and are mildly anti-fungal and autotoxic. While an ecological role for ginsenosides in maintenance of the sparse density growth habit of wild ginseng populations can be inferred, the consequence of ginsenoside accumulation in densely populated commercial ginseng gardens remains unknown. The potential for residual ginsenosides in former ginseng gardens to contribute to ginseng replant disease (GRD), a condition in which a new ginseng crop cannot be successfully cultivated in a garden used for ginseng cultivation in the past, has been suggested. However, the extent to which ginsenosides accumulate in ginseng garden soil and persist beyond harvest is poorly documented.</p><h3 data-test=\\\"abstract-sub-heading\\\">Methods</h3><p>We developed an extraction protocol to extract ginsenosides from ginseng garden soil, and established the behaviour of ginsenosides in soil in controlled experiments using ginseng garden soil packed into columns. </p><h3 data-test=\\\"abstract-sub-heading\\\">Results</h3><p>Ginsenosides accumulate throughout the first three and a half years of ginseng cultivation and decline during the fourth year. Residual ginsenosides present in garden soil at the time of harvest are largely gone by the following spring. Soil column data revealed that sandy-loam soil has capacity to bind and retain ginsenosides, and that protopanaxatriol-type ginsenosides are more mobile than the protopanaxadiol-type.</p><h3 data-test=\\\"abstract-sub-heading\\\">Conclusion</h3><p>Ginsenosides accumulate in ginseng garden soil during cultivation, but do not persist. 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The properties of ginsenosides in ginseng garden soil: accumulation, persistence and behaviour
Background & Aims
Ginsenosides are triterpene saponins produced by ginseng (Panax spp.). Ginsenosides are secreted into the soil during ginseng growth and are mildly anti-fungal and autotoxic. While an ecological role for ginsenosides in maintenance of the sparse density growth habit of wild ginseng populations can be inferred, the consequence of ginsenoside accumulation in densely populated commercial ginseng gardens remains unknown. The potential for residual ginsenosides in former ginseng gardens to contribute to ginseng replant disease (GRD), a condition in which a new ginseng crop cannot be successfully cultivated in a garden used for ginseng cultivation in the past, has been suggested. However, the extent to which ginsenosides accumulate in ginseng garden soil and persist beyond harvest is poorly documented.
Methods
We developed an extraction protocol to extract ginsenosides from ginseng garden soil, and established the behaviour of ginsenosides in soil in controlled experiments using ginseng garden soil packed into columns.
Results
Ginsenosides accumulate throughout the first three and a half years of ginseng cultivation and decline during the fourth year. Residual ginsenosides present in garden soil at the time of harvest are largely gone by the following spring. Soil column data revealed that sandy-loam soil has capacity to bind and retain ginsenosides, and that protopanaxatriol-type ginsenosides are more mobile than the protopanaxadiol-type.
Conclusion
Ginsenosides accumulate in ginseng garden soil during cultivation, but do not persist. Our data suggest that the impact of ginsenosides on the establishment of GRD occurs during crop growth rather than during the time between plantings.
期刊介绍:
Plant and Soil publishes original papers and review articles exploring the interface of plant biology and soil sciences, and that enhance our mechanistic understanding of plant-soil interactions. We focus on the interface of plant biology and soil sciences, and seek those manuscripts with a strong mechanistic component which develop and test hypotheses aimed at understanding underlying mechanisms of plant-soil interactions. Manuscripts can include both fundamental and applied aspects of mineral nutrition, plant water relations, symbiotic and pathogenic plant-microbe interactions, root anatomy and morphology, soil biology, ecology, agrochemistry and agrophysics, as long as they are hypothesis-driven and enhance our mechanistic understanding. Articles including a major molecular or modelling component also fall within the scope of the journal. All contributions appear in the English language, with consistent spelling, using either American or British English.