男女自闭症青少年混合焦虑抑郁的患病率、症状特征及相关因素。

IF 1.6 Q3 CLINICAL NEUROLOGY NeuroSci Pub Date : 2024-09-02 eCollection Date: 2024-09-01 DOI:10.3390/neurosci5030025
Vicki Bitsika, Christopher F Sharpley, Kirstan A Vessey, Ian D Evans
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引用次数: 0

摘要

人们对自闭症青少年混合焦虑和抑郁的关注相对较少,尤其是男女之间的差异。本研究调查了 51 名自闭症男性(平均年龄为 10.16 岁,平均年龄为 2.81 岁,年龄范围为 6 至 17 岁)和 51 名自闭症女性(平均年龄为 - 10.07 岁,平均年龄为 2.76 岁,年龄范围为 6 至 17 岁)在混合焦虑和抑郁的患病率和相关性方面的性别差异。研究人员收集了这些自闭症青少年对广泛性焦虑症和重度抑郁症的自我报告、早晨唾液皮质醇、ADOS-2 评分和 WASI-II 满分评分,并从他们的父母那里收集了这些青少年的 ASD 相关症状数据。我们对数据进行了分析,包括焦虑抑郁总分水平、该量表的基本组成部分以及量表中使用的单个项目。结果表明,在混合焦虑和抑郁的总分、焦虑和抑郁的基本成分或混合焦虑抑郁量表的各个项目上,没有明显的性别差异。混合焦虑和抑郁的重要相关因素存在性别差异:女性的晨间皮质醇和社会交往中与自闭症有关的困难,以及男性与自闭症有关的行为。男性的烦躁不安情绪与他们的社会交往以及重复性和限制性行为相关。女性在社交方面的困难与她们对自身能力的担忧和睡眠问题有关。女性的睡眠问题、谈论死亡的倾向和无价值感则与她们早晨的皮质醇有关。这些研究结果表明,虽然自闭症男性和女性在整体、成分和单项水平上都有类似的混合焦虑和抑郁体验,但混合焦虑和抑郁症状的特定方面与自闭症相关症状的各个方面以及男性和女性的慢性生理压力水平有不同的关联。
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Prevalence, Symptom Profiles, and Correlates of Mixed Anxiety-Depression in Male and Female Autistic Youth.

Relatively little attention has been given to mixed anxiety and depression in autistic youth, particularly how this differs between males and females. This study investigated sex-based differences in the prevalence and correlates of mixed anxiety and depression in a sample of 51 autistic males (M age = 10.16 yr, SD = 2.81 yr, and range = 6 yr to 17 yr) and 51 autistic females (M age = - 10.07 yr, SD = 2.76 yr, and range = 6 yr to 17 yr), matched for age, IQ, and autism severity. Self-reports on generalised anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder, morning salivary cortisol, ADOS-2 scores, and WASI-II full-scale scores were collected from these autistic youth, and data on the ASD-related symptoms of these youth were collected from their parents. The data were analysed for total anxiety-depression score levels, for the underlying components of this scale, and for the individual items used in the scale. The results indicate no significant sex differences for the prevalence of mixed anxiety and depression total scores or the underlying components of anxiety and depression or for the individual items of the mixed anxiety-depression scale. There were sex differences in the significant correlates of mixed anxiety and depression: morning cortisol and ASD-related difficulties in social interaction for females, and ASD-related behaviour for males. Males' feelings of being restless or edgy were correlated with their social interaction and repetitive and restricted behaviour. Females' difficulties in social interaction were correlated with their concerns about their abilities and their sleeping problems. Females' sleeping problems, their tendency to talk about dying, and feeling worthless, were correlated with their morning cortisol. These findings suggest that, while mixed anxiety and depression is experienced similarly by autistic males and females at the global, component, and individual item levels, specific aspects of the symptomatology of mixed anxiety and depression are differently associated with aspects of their ASD-related symptomatology and their levels of chronic physiological stress for males and females.

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