Investigation on dysprosium (Dy3+) doped lithium boro-phosphate glass for light-emitting diode (LED) and supercapacitor applications

Dy³⁺ doped B₂O₃-P₂O₅-Ta₂O₅-Li₂CO₃- Al₂O₃-NaF-Dy₂O₃ (BPTLAND) glass was prepared using the melt-quenching method. The Dy³⁺ doped BPTLAND glass amorphous form was confirmed by an analysis of powder X-ray diffraction. Using EDAX and SEM analyses, the chemical compositions and surface morphology of the prepared glass were examined. FTIR and Raman analysis identified the presence of borate and phosphate groups. Absorption spectroscopy examined the glass’s optical characteristics, with a refractive index of 1.4 at 2 eV and an optical band gap found to be an indirect band gap. The band gap is determined by the intercept of the tangent to the x-axis, which is 2.80 eV. Photoluminescence research revealed dominating emission peaks at 573 nm wavelength. The CIE chromaticity coordinates of the prepared glass were found to exhibit daylight, are x = 0.3647, y = 0.4762, and the Correlated color temperature was found to be 4823 K. The produced glass’s ferromagnetic characteristics were confirmed using VSM analysis to evaluate the hysteresis loop’s retentivity and coercivity of magnetic behavior. Using galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and cyclic voltammetry (CV), the electrochemical properties of the generated electrodes in a 5 M KOH electrolyte were examined. After 2000 cycles, the glass electrode doped with Dy³⁺ (BPTLAND) displays the greatest specific capacitance value (258.12 F g⁻¹ for GCD). Scan rate behavior was unique and exhibited redox behavior. In addition, the anodic–cathodic peak difference increases with increasing peak density as the scan rate increases, suggesting that the material is quasi-reversible. The flawless double capacitance characteristic of Dy³⁺ doped BPTLAND glass was demonstrated by each CV, which showed a regular rectangle. The charge transfer resistance for this electrode was found to be 34.53 (Ω cm²) whereas the ohmic resistance is 14.21 (Ω cm²). The working electrode’s capacity for long cycling performance was consistent CV curve after 5000 cycles indicating the electrode maintains good structural and electrochemical stability over prolonged cycling. The findings therefore confirmed that Dy³⁺ doped lithium borophosphate BPTLAND glass has a great deal of promise for advancement as electrode materials in the context of LED and supercapacitor applications.