Microstring-engineered tension tissues: A novel platform for replicating tissue mechanics and advancing mechanobiology

Replicating the mechanical tension of natural tissues is essential for maintaining organ function and stability, posing a central challenge in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Existing methods for constructing tension tissues often encounter limitations in flexibility, scalability, or cost-effectiveness. This study introduces a novel approach to fabricate soft microstring chips using a sacrificial template method, which is easy to operate, offers controlled preparation, and is cost-effective. Through experimental testing and finite element simulations, we validated and characterized the relationship between microstring deformation, tissue width, and the reaction force exerted by the microstrings, enabling precise measurement of tissue contraction force. We successfully constructed microstring-engineered tension tissues (METTs) and demonstrated that they exhibit a significant mechanical response to profibrotic factors. Additionally, we conceptually demonstrated the application of microstring chips in constructing METTs with asymmetric, biomimetic constraints. The results indicate effective construction and regulation of METTs, providing a robust platform for mechanobiology and biomedical research.