走向生物文化现实主义:将保护与历史生态学和常识联系起来。欧洲视角。

IF 5.8 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL Ambio Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI:10.1007/s13280-024-02089-2
Andrzej Bobiec, Ian D Rotherham, Simay Kırca, Zsolt Molnár, Mauro Agnoletti
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在这一视角中,我们提出并讨论了全球自然保护失败的四个主要原因:1)基于自然-文化二元论的意识形态;2)在保护中优先考虑森林的偏见;3)选定生物指标虚幻的客观性;以及 4)农村农业景观管理不善。所有这些都与对历史生态学的无知以及忽视过去在塑造景观和促进生物多样性方面的作用有关。这导致了一种错误的人类学,即把更广泛的人类经济(包括农业)作为生物多样性丧失的绝对罪魁祸首。因此,人们认为,生物多样性的保护取决于针对人类活动(如农业)提供保护的保护政策和行动。这样一来,自然保护就脱离了人类与其他自然要素长期和富有成效的共存的丰富经验。生物文化遗产包括生物多样性丰富的农村景观,其栖息地往往被忽视或被错误地解释为 "自然生态系统的遗迹"。因此,保护工作往往收效甚微,甚至适得其反。面对以破坏小农家庭农业为代价来支持补贴密集型农业综合企业的政策,即使是昂贵的保护项目通常也不过是掩盖失败的 "无花果叶"。我们主张重新确定保护规划的重点,更加重视对其生物文化多样性负责的景观历史生态。这意味着需要制定必要的政策新原则,以确保对世界生物文化多样性负有责任的当地社会生态系统的经济和文化主权。
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Towards biocultural realism: Connecting conservation with historical ecology and common sense. A European perspective.

In this perspective, we present and discuss four major causes of the worldwide nature conservation failure: 1) ideologies based on nature-culture dualism, 2) the bias prioritising forests in conservation, 3) the illusory objectiveness of selected biological indicators, and 4) the mismanagement of rural agricultural landscapes. All of these relate to ignorance of historical ecology and neglect of the role past plays in shaping landscapes and fostering biodiversity. These led to a false anthropology focussed on the broader human economy (including agriculture) as the absolute culprit of biodiversity loss. It is believed, therefore, that biodiversity preservation depends on conservation policies and actions providing protection against human activities, such as farming. In this way, nature conservation has been detached from the rich experiences of long and fruitful coexistence of people with other elements of nature. The bio-cultural legacy includes biodiversity-rich rural landscapes, whose habitats are often either neglected or wrongly interpreted as "remnants of natural ecosystems". Consequently, conservation efforts are frequently ineffective or worse still, counter-effective. In the face of policies favouring subsidised intensive agribusiness at the cost of destroying smallholder family farming, even expensive conservation projects are usually nothing more than a "fig leaf" to cover failure. We advocate re-focussing of conservation planning to put more emphasis on landscapes' historical ecology responsible for their bio-cultural diversity. It implies the need for new principles in policies necessary to secure the economic and cultural sovereignty of local socio-ecological systems responsible for the world's bio-cultural diversity.

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来源期刊
Ambio
Ambio 环境科学-工程:环境
CiteScore
14.30
自引率
3.10%
发文量
123
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: Explores the link between anthropogenic activities and the environment, Ambio encourages multi- or interdisciplinary submissions with explicit management or policy recommendations. Ambio addresses the scientific, social, economic, and cultural factors that influence the condition of the human environment. Ambio particularly encourages multi- or inter-disciplinary submissions with explicit management or policy recommendations. For more than 45 years Ambio has brought international perspective to important developments in environmental research, policy and related activities for an international readership of specialists, generalists, students, decision-makers and interested laymen.
期刊最新文献
Business-as-usual trends will largely miss 2030 global conservation targets. Towards biocultural realism: Connecting conservation with historical ecology and common sense. A European perspective. Shifted baselines: Using the adaptive cycle to assess the post-tsunami mangrove social-ecological system recovery in the Nicobar Islands. Social-ecological system trajectories of peri-urban watersheds based on a spatial analysis of vulnerability components: A case study in Mexico City, 1999-2039. Forest fates: Unraveling the peri-urban social-ecological trajectories in Mexico City's conservation land.
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