未来干旱年份华北平原夏玉米高效施水施氮保产策略

IF 4 2区 农林科学 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Food and Energy Security Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI:10.1002/fes3.70014
Zheng Wang, Changxiu Cheng
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引用次数: 0

摘要

未来频繁的干旱会威胁到华北平原(NCP)的夏玉米生产。合理的灌溉与施氮相结合可提高水和氮的利用效率,同时保持夏玉米的产量。然而,华北平原未来干旱年份夏玉米的最佳灌溉和施氮策略(OINASs)还需要进一步探索。本研究应用 DSSAT-CERES-Maize 模型研究了三种共同社会经济路径(SSP1-2.6、SSP2-4.5 和 SSP5-8.5)下 2021-2050 年所有干旱年份的夏玉米最佳灌溉和氮施用策略。随后,对照无灌溉和氮施用条件(CK)和常规灌溉和氮施用策略(CINAS),对 OINAS 的性能进行了评估。结果如下(1) 在三种 SSP 情景下的所有干旱年份,基肥施用量应为 60 kg/hm2,之后在拔节期和抽穗期需要灌溉和施用氮肥。在 SSP1-2.6 情景下,前期灌溉和氮肥施用量的平均值分别为 35.5 mm 和 22 kg/hm2。在 SSP2-4.5 和 SSP5-8.5 情景下,平均值分别为(34.5 mm,23 kg/hm2)和(47.5 mm,18 kg/hm2)。(2) 在所有 SSP 情景下,最佳灌溉量和氮施用量远低于 CINAS 情景下的最佳灌溉量和氮施用量。在对夏玉米采用 OINASs 后,未来干旱年国家应对计划平均每年可节约 11.6-1.2 亿公斤氮和 29.8-51.9 亿立方米淡水。(3)在所有 SSP 情景下,OINASs 条件下的夏玉米产量略高于 CINAS 和 CK 条件下的夏玉米产量。此外,与 CINAS 条件相比,OINAS 条件下水和氮的利用效率都有所提高,其中氮的利用效率提高更为显著。OINAS 为确保粮食安全和环境可持续性提供了一种切实可行的方法。
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Highly Efficient Water and Nitrogen Application Strategies for Maintaining Summer Maize Yield in the North China Plain During Future Drought Years

Future frequent droughts threaten summer maize production in the North China Plain (NCP). A proper combination of irrigation and nitrogen (N) application can improve water and N use efficiency while maintaining summer maize yield. However, the optimal irrigation and N application strategies (OINASs) for summer maize during future drought years in the NCP require further exploration. This study applied the DSSAT-CERES-Maize model to investigate OINASs for summer maize for all drought years during 2021–2050 under three shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5). The performance of the OINASs was subsequently evaluated against no irrigation and N application (CK) condition and a conventional irrigation and N application strategy (CINAS). The results highlight the following: (1) For all drought years under the three SSP scenarios, the base fertilizer rate should be 60 kg/hm2, after that the irrigation and N application are required during the jointing and heading periods. Under the SSP1-2.6 scenario, the average values of irrigation and N application during each earlier period are 35.5 mm and 22 kg/hm2. Under the SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios, the average values are (34.5 mm, 23 kg/hm2) and (47.5 mm, 18 kg/hm2). (2) Under all SSP scenarios, the optimal irrigation amounts and N application rates are much lower than those under the CINAS. After applying OINASs for summer maize, an average of 1.16–1.22 billion kg of N and 2.98–5.19 billion m3 of freshwater will be saved per future drought year in the NCP. (3) Under all SSP scenarios, the summer maize yields under the OINASs are slightly and significantly greater than those under the CINAS and CK conditions. Moreover, both water and N use efficiencies improved under the OINASs compared with those under the CINAS, with more significant improvements in N use efficiency. The OINASs provide a practical way to ensure food security and environmental sustainability.

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来源期刊
Food and Energy Security
Food and Energy Security Energy-Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
CiteScore
9.30
自引率
4.00%
发文量
76
审稿时长
19 weeks
期刊介绍: Food and Energy Security seeks to publish high quality and high impact original research on agricultural crop and forest productivity to improve food and energy security. It actively seeks submissions from emerging countries with expanding agricultural research communities. Papers from China, other parts of Asia, India and South America are particularly welcome. The Editorial Board, headed by Editor-in-Chief Professor Martin Parry, is determined to make FES the leading publication in its sector and will be aiming for a top-ranking impact factor. Primary research articles should report hypothesis driven investigations that provide new insights into mechanisms and processes that determine productivity and properties for exploitation. Review articles are welcome but they must be critical in approach and provide particularly novel and far reaching insights. Food and Energy Security offers authors a forum for the discussion of the most important advances in this field and promotes an integrative approach of scientific disciplines. Papers must contribute substantially to the advancement of knowledge. Examples of areas covered in Food and Energy Security include: • Agronomy • Biotechnological Approaches • Breeding & Genetics • Climate Change • Quality and Composition • Food Crops and Bioenergy Feedstocks • Developmental, Physiology and Biochemistry • Functional Genomics • Molecular Biology • Pest and Disease Management • Post Harvest Biology • Soil Science • Systems Biology
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