On the Implications of Ground-Based High-Definition Imaging of Io's Surface

The capability to observe temporal changes on Io's surface at optical wavelengths has recently been demonstrated by Conrad et al. (2024, https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL108609) using new instrumentation at the Large Binocular Telescope. Monitoring of Io's surface morphology would be impactful since preexisting metrics of the degree, location and composition of Io's plume activities are severely limited. Relationships with external data sets appear especially fruitful. Comparisons with spatially resolved data on gas distributions and thermal hots spots would better characterize composition and chemistry in Io's volcanic plumes. Comparisons with measurements remote from Io are posed to advance our understanding of atmospheric escape and how eruptions connect to transient enhancements at disparate size and time scales in the extended neutral clouds and plasma torus.