西北太平洋地区有机旱地小麦生产中的杂草管理

IF 2 3区 农林科学 Q2 AGRONOMY Agronomy Journal Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI:10.1002/agj2.21709
Ian C. Burke, Nicole E. Tautges, Misha R. Manuchehri, Lydia S. Fields
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引用次数: 0

摘要

对有机小谷物需求的增长提高了人们对在半干旱的美国西北太平洋地区生产认证有机作物的兴趣。该地区非常适合小粒谷物生产,美国西海岸的有机食品市场也很强大。然而,许多种植者在杂草管理方面遇到了巨大而持久的挑战,尤其是多年生杂草的管理,如加拿大蓟(Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.)和田缚草(Convolvulus arvensis L.),以及常见的冬季和春季一年生禾本科杂草,包括欺骗草(Bromus tectorum L.)和野燕麦(Avena fatua L.)。再加上需要最大限度地减少对土壤的扰动,杂草管理几乎变得难以解决,产量也会受到限制。从 2004 年到 2024 年,进行了多项短期和中期研究,以评估杂草控制策略和轮作对杂草管理的影响。获得的经验包括在轮作中加入紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)和春大麦(Hordeum vulgare L.)以抑制田野蓼,或加入紫花苜蓿和冬季三棱麦(x Triticosecale Wittmack)以抑制加拿大蓟。对轮作中的每种作物来说,优化栽培投入,尤其是播种率至关重要。动物一体化和新作物(如藜麦)是传统作物的替代品,具有潜在的盈利能力。在窄行谷物中采用精密机械和化学系统是可行的,如果与轮作相结合,可以减少或消除有机种植者反复过渡到常规生产的需要。
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Weed management in organic dryland wheat production in the Pacific Northwest

Growth in demand for organic small grains has increased interest in producing certified organic crops in the semiarid US Pacific Northwest. The region is well-suited for small grain production, and there is a strong market for organic food products on the US West Coast. However, many growers encounter significant and persistent challenges with weed management, particularly management of perennial weeds such as Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.] and field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.), but also common winter and spring annual grass weeds including cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.) and wild oat (Avena fatua L.). Coupled with the need to minimize soil disturbance, weed management can become nearly intractable and production limiting. From 2004 to 2024, several short and intermediate studies have been conducted to assess weed control tactics and crop rotation effects on weed management. Lessons learned include incorporating alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) into rotations for suppression of field bindweed, or alfalfa and winter triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack) for suppression of Canada thistle. Optimization of cultural inputs, particularly seeding rate, are critical for each crop in rotation. Animal integration and new crops such as quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) are alternatives to conventional crops and potentially profitable. Incorporation of precision mechanical and chemical systems is feasible in narrow-row cereals, and when combined with crop rotation, it could reduce or eliminate the need for repeated transitions back to convention production for organic growers.

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来源期刊
Agronomy Journal
Agronomy Journal 农林科学-农艺学
CiteScore
4.70
自引率
9.50%
发文量
265
审稿时长
4.8 months
期刊介绍: After critical review and approval by the editorial board, AJ publishes articles reporting research findings in soil–plant relationships; crop science; soil science; biometry; crop, soil, pasture, and range management; crop, forage, and pasture production and utilization; turfgrass; agroclimatology; agronomic models; integrated pest management; integrated agricultural systems; and various aspects of entomology, weed science, animal science, plant pathology, and agricultural economics as applied to production agriculture. Notes are published about apparatus, observations, and experimental techniques. Observations usually are limited to studies and reports of unrepeatable phenomena or other unique circumstances. Review and interpretation papers are also published, subject to standard review. Contributions to the Forum section deal with current agronomic issues and questions in brief, thought-provoking form. Such papers are reviewed by the editor in consultation with the editorial board.
期刊最新文献
Issue Information Weed management in organic dryland wheat production in the Pacific Northwest Soil health benefits of compost persist two decades after single application to winter wheat Deriving general principles of agroecosystem multifunctionality with the Diverse Rotations Improve Valuable Ecosystem Services (DRIVES) network Multiyear productivity and nitrate-nitrogen loss from corn and prairie bioenergy cropping systems
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