Synergistic surface treatment of corn fabric using Dielectric Barrier Discharge plasma and plant extracts for enhancing antibacterial performance

The research delves into the effects of dielectric barrier discharge air plasma on the antibacterial properties of Ocimum sanctum and Camellia sinensis leaf extract-coated corn fabric. Plasma treatment improved corn fabric hydrophilicity by activating the binding of hydrophilic functional groups on the fabric surface. XPS analysis showed increased O/C ratio and -COOH, -CO functional groups post-treatment. FTIR analysis revealed the reduction of lignin and other non-cellulosic impurities. Plasma treatment enhanced the fabric's surface properties, allowing for better adhesion and uniform coating of the bioactive extracts. Antibacterial efficacy was tested against the two most common disease-causing bacteria, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and was confirmed through qualitative and quantitative antimicrobial tests. SEM analysis showed reduced bacterial content on plasma-treated fibres. The antimicrobial finish's durability was assessed after five laundry cycles. The results indicated that incorporating plant extracts into plasma-treated corn fabric provided long-lasting and effective antibacterial strength. A proposed reaction mechanism suggests interactions between the plasma-treated fabric, plant actives and binding agent. This study highlights the synergistic effects of plasma treatment and natural extracts in producing sustainable and bioactive fabric materials with potential applications in medical and healthcare settings.